ἐπιρρίπτω

I throw upon, cast upon

Definition

The verb ἐπιρρίπτω means 'to throw upon' or 'to cast upon' something. In its two New Testament occurrences, it carries a sense of transferring a burden or responsibility onto another. In Luke 19:35, it is used literally, describing the disciples throwing their cloaks upon the colt for Jesus to ride. In 1 Peter 5:7, it is used metaphorically, instructing believers to 'cast all your anxiety upon' God because He cares for them. This dual usage shows the word can apply to both physical objects and abstract concerns.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, in two distinct contexts. In Luke 19:35, it describes a concrete, physical action as part of Jesus's triumphal entry. In 1 Peter 5:7, it is used in a pastoral exhortation, applying the verb metaphorically to the spiritual act of entrusting one's worries to God. The pattern shows a movement from a literal, historical narrative to a figurative, devotional application.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'over') combined with the verb ῥίπτω (rhiptō, meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'). It is a compound verb that intensifies the action of throwing, specifying the direction—'upon' something. The root ῥίπτω is used elsewhere in the New Testament for casting down (e.g., Revelation 12:10) or aside (e.g., Hebrews 12:1).

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant, especially in 1 Peter 5:7. It provides a powerful image for the doctrine of God's providence and care. The command to 'cast' anxiety upon God implies a deliberate act of trust and surrender, reinforcing that believers are not meant to carry burdens alone. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of 1 Peter by highlighting the active faith required in relying on God's character.

In the Greco-Roman world, the act of throwing a garment upon an animal (Luke 19:35) was a gesture of honor and submission, preparing a makeshift saddle for a dignitary. The metaphorical use in 1 Peter 5:7 would resonate in a culture familiar with the concept of transferring a load to a stronger bearer, a common practice in trade and travel. The imagery of casting cares upon a deity also had parallels in some Hellenistic philosophies, though Peter grounds it uniquely in the personal care of the Christian God.

βάλλω (ballō, G906) — a more general verb for 'to throw' or 'to put', without the specific directional sense of 'upon'. ῥίπτω (rhiptō, G4496) — the root verb meaning 'to throw', but lacking the compound preposition that specifies the target. παρατίθημι (paratithēmi, G3908) — means 'to entrust' or 'to set before', focusing more on commending something to someone's care rather than the act of casting.

Word Details

Scripture References