ἐπονομάζω

I name, impose a name on

Definition

ἐπονομάζω means to name, call by a name, or impose a name upon someone or something. In its active voice, it signifies the act of giving a name, while in the passive voice, it indicates being named or called by a name. The word carries the sense of designating or identifying someone with a specific title or label. In its sole New Testament occurrence in Romans 2:17, it is used in the passive voice, referring to someone who 'is named' a Jew, implying a formal or recognized designation.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only once in the New Testament, in Romans 2:17. In this context, the passive form 'ἐπονομάζῃ' ('you are named') is employed by Paul to address a Jewish interlocutor who formally bears the name 'Jew.' The usage highlights a claimed identity or title. There is no pattern across multiple books, as it is a hapax legomenon (used only once).

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon') and the verb ὀνομάζω (onomazō, meaning 'to name'). It literally means 'to name upon,' conveying the idea of imposing or bestowing a name onto someone or something. It is a compound verb that intensifies the basic action of naming.

Semantic Range

In Romans 2:17, this word is theologically significant as Paul uses it to introduce a critique of Jewish presumption. The one who 'is named a Jew' relies on the law and boasts in God, but Paul argues that true Jewish identity is a matter of the heart and Spirit, not merely a formal title (Romans 2:28-29). Understanding this term enriches the reading by highlighting the contrast between an external, nominal designation and the internal reality of faith and obedience that God requires.

In the Greco-Roman and Jewish world, a name was not merely a label but was often connected to identity, character, reputation, or destiny. To be 'named' a Jew was to be identified with a specific people, covenant, and set of obligations under the Mosaic law. Paul's usage challenges a cultural assumption that the name or title itself guarantees a right standing with God.

ὀνομάζω (onomazō, G3687) — the simpler base verb meaning 'to name' or 'call,' without the intensive 'upon' prefix. καλέω (kaleō, G2564) — a broader term meaning 'to call,' often used for divine calling or summoning, not solely for bestowing a name. λέγω (legō, G3004) — a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'speak,' which can include the act of naming but is far more general.

Word Details

Scripture References