ἐργάτης

a field-laborer, workman

Definition

ἐργάτης primarily means a laborer or worker, especially one hired for wages. In its most literal sense, it refers to agricultural workers in vineyards and fields, as seen in the parable of the laborers in the vineyard (Matthew 20:1-8). It also extends to general manual laborers, such as those referenced in Jesus's teaching about the worker being worthy of his wages (Luke 10:7). Figuratively, Jesus uses the term to describe spiritual laborers in God's harvest field, referring to his disciples and those proclaiming the gospel (Matthew 9:37-38, Luke 10:2).

Biblical Usage

The word is used 15 times in the New Testament, exclusively in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Its usage consistently revolves around the theme of labor and compensation. In Matthew 20:1-8, it describes hired day-laborers in an agricultural parable. In Matthew 9:37-38 and Luke 10:2, it is used metaphorically for those engaged in evangelistic work. The context often highlights the worker's right to support from their labor, as in Matthew 10:10 and Luke 10:7.

Etymology

Derived from the noun ἔργον (ergon, G2041), meaning 'work' or 'deed.' The suffix -της (-tēs) indicates an agent, so ἐργάτης literally means 'one who does work' or 'a doer.' It is a straightforward formation common in Greek for denoting a person associated with a specific action or role.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it connects physical labor with spiritual mission. Jesus's metaphor of the 'harvest' and the 'laborers' (Matthew 9:37-38) frames evangelism as urgent, cooperative work in God's field, implying both divine calling and human responsibility. The principle that 'the laborer deserves his wages' (Luke 10:7) establishes a biblical basis for supporting gospel workers. Understanding this term enriches reading by highlighting the dignity of work and the shared labor involved in God's kingdom.

In the first-century agrarian economy, an ἐργάτης was typically a day-laborer hired for a denarius (a standard daily wage, as in Matthew 20:2). These workers were often poor, waiting in the marketplace for temporary employment, and their livelihood was precarious. This context adds depth to Jesus's parables and teachings, emphasizing God's generosity (paying all workers the same) and the vulnerability of those dependent on daily work.

διάκονος (diakonos, G1249) — a servant or minister, often with a focus on service rather than wage labor. δοῦλος (doulos, G1401) — a bond-servant or slave, indicating ownership rather than hired employment. συνεργός (synergos, G4904) — a fellow worker or co-laborer, emphasizing partnership.

Word Details

Scripture References