ἑρμηνεύω

I translate, interpret

Definition

The verb ἑρμηνεύω means to translate, explain, or interpret. In the New Testament, it primarily refers to translating a word from one language to another, as when Jesus's title 'Rabbi' is interpreted as 'Teacher' in John 1:38. It also denotes explaining the meaning of a name, such as 'Cephas' being interpreted as 'Peter' in John 1:42. In a more symbolic context, it can mean to interpret the significance of something, like the name 'Melchizedek' being interpreted as 'king of righteousness' in Hebrews 7:2.

Biblical Usage

This word is used four times in the New Testament, exclusively in John's Gospel and Hebrews. In John 1:38 and 1:42, it is used for translating Aramaic terms into Greek for the reader. In John 9:7, it interprets the name of the pool of Siloam as 'Sent.' In Hebrews 7:2, it provides the theological interpretation of the name Melchizedek. The pattern shows a use for both simple linguistic translation and for explaining symbolic or meaningful names.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek noun ἑρμηνεύς (hermēneus), meaning an interpreter or explainer. This is connected to Hermes, the messenger god of Greek mythology who interpreted the will of the gods. The root idea is conveying meaning from one form or language to another, bridging a gap in understanding.

Semantic Range

This word highlights the importance of divine communication and understanding. In John's Gospel, it underscores Jesus's identity as the one who reveals and explains God (John 1:18). The interpretation in Hebrews 7:2 connects directly to Christology, interpreting Melchizedek as a type of Christ, the eternal king and priest. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by emphasizing that Scripture itself often provides divinely intended interpretation of key names and concepts.

In the Greco-Roman world, interpretation (hermēneia) was a vital skill in religion, law, and diplomacy, especially in multilingual societies. The connection to Hermes gave it a nuance of divine revelation. For the New Testament authors, using this term for translating Aramaic terms acknowledged the cultural and linguistic bridge being built for Greek-speaking audiences, ensuring the message was accurately conveyed.

διερμηνεύω (diermēneuō, G1329) — to interpret thoroughly or explain in detail; μεθερμηνεύω (methermēneuō, G3177) — to translate or interpret over, often used in the same translational sense.

Word Details

Scripture References