γαζοφυλάκιον

a treasury

Definition

Γαζοφυλάκιον refers to a treasury or collection box, specifically the treasury chambers located in the Temple complex in Jerusalem. In the Gospels, it describes the place where monetary offerings were deposited, as seen when Jesus observes people giving contributions (Mark 12:41, Luke 21:1). It can denote both the physical treasury room and the collection receptacles themselves. In John 8:20, it also serves as a specific location within the Temple where Jesus was teaching, indicating it was a public area where people gathered.

Biblical Usage

This word is used exclusively in the New Testament Gospels—Mark, Luke, and John—and always in the context of the Jerusalem Temple. It appears in narratives about financial giving and public teaching. In Mark 12:41-43 and Luke 21:1-4, it is the setting for the story of the widow's mite, highlighting sacrificial giving. In John 8:20, it is mentioned as the place where Jesus taught, showing it was a frequented, open area within the Temple precincts.

Etymology

Derived from the Persian word 'ganza' (treasure) and the Greek 'phylakē' (guard, watch), combined as 'gaza' (treasury) and 'phylax' (guardian). It literally means 'treasure-guard' or 'treasury guard-house,' evolving to denote the treasury itself. The term reflects the influence of Persian administrative language on Greek during the Hellenistic period.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it connects to themes of worship, sacrifice, and divine observation. In the story of the widow's mite (Mark 12:41-44), the treasury becomes a backdrop for Jesus' teaching on true generosity and God's valuation of the heart over outward appearance. It underscores that God's economy values sacrificial giving, not just amount. Understanding this setting enriches reading by highlighting the contrast between human show and humble devotion in a sacred space.

In first-century Jewish culture, the γαζοφυλάκιον was part of the Temple's Court of the Women, where thirteen trumpet-shaped collection boxes were placed for various offerings (e.g., temple tax, freewill gifts). It was a busy, public area, differing from a private bank; giving was a visible act of worship. This contrasts with modern, often private, financial transactions, emphasizing the communal and religious nature of Temple contributions.

θησαυρός (thēsauros, G2344) — a general term for treasure or storehouse, not limited to a temple context. ταμεῖον (tameion, G5009) — a private storeroom or inner chamber, not a public treasury.

Word Details

Scripture References