ἰσχυρός

strong, mighty, powerful

Definition

The Greek adjective ἰσχυρός primarily means 'strong,' 'mighty,' or 'powerful.' It most often describes physical strength, as seen when Jesus speaks of a 'strong man' fully armed guarding his palace (Luke 11:21). It also conveys the idea of something being 'forceful' or 'vehement,' like a 'mighty wind' (Matthew 14:30, Acts 27:18). In a more figurative sense, it denotes something that is 'firm' or 'sure,' such as the 'sure' promises of God (Hebrews 6:18).

Biblical Usage

ἰσχυρός is used 25 times in the New Testament, appearing in the Gospels, Acts, and the Epistles. It frequently describes powerful beings or forces: John the Baptist contrasts his ministry with the coming 'mightier' one (Mark 1:7), and Jesus uses it for the 'strong man' representing Satan (Mark 3:27). It also describes natural forces like wind and waves. In the Epistles, it is applied to God's word (Hebrews 4:12) and His promises, emphasizing their unshakeable nature.

Etymology

Derived from the noun ἰσχύς (ischys, G2479) meaning 'strength' or 'power.' The root conveys the fundamental idea of inherent force or capability. Cognates include the verb ἰσχύω (ischyō, G2480), 'to be strong' or 'to have power.' The adjective ἰσχυρός thus describes something or someone possessing this quality of strength.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights the nature of divine and opposing spiritual powers. It distinguishes human strength from God's supreme might, a key theme when John contrasts himself with Jesus (Matthew 3:11). It frames the spiritual conflict in Christ's ministry, where He, as the 'stronger one,' overcomes Satan (Luke 11:22). Understanding this term enriches reading by clarifying the NT's portrayal of authority, the certainty of God's promises, and the superior power of Christ.

In the Greco-Roman world, strength (ἰσχυρός) was a highly valued virtue, associated with military might, athletic prowess, and personal fortitude. The biblical usage often subverts this by applying it to spiritual realities and God's character, which surpasses all human conceptions of power. The image of binding the 'strong man' (Mark 3:27) would resonate in a culture familiar with tales of heroic conquest.

δυνατός (dynatos, G1415) — emphasizes inherent ability or potential; often 'able' or 'possible.' κράτος (kratos, G2904) — denotes manifested power, especially in ruling or dominion. μέγας (megas, G3173) — focuses on greatness in size, extent, or importance, not necessarily strength.

Word Details

Scripture References