כִידוֹד
properly, something struck off, i.e. a spark (as struck)
Definition
The Hebrew noun כִידוֹד (kîydôwd) refers to a 'spark,' specifically one that is struck off from a larger object, like a flint or metal. It denotes a small, fiery particle produced by impact or friction. This word appears only once in the Old Testament, in Job 41:19, where it is used metaphorically to describe the fiery breath of the leviathan, a powerful sea creature. The imagery emphasizes the creature's terrifying and destructive potential, as sparks fly from its mouth.
Biblical Usage
כִידוֹד is used only in Job 41:19. In this poetic context, it describes the sparks emanating from the mouth of the leviathan: 'Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out.' The usage is entirely metaphorical, contributing to the vivid portrayal of the leviathan's supernatural and fearsome nature within the wisdom literature of Job.
Etymology
The word כִידוֹד derives from a root meaning 'to strike' or 'to hammer,' related to H3589 (כִּיד). It is also compared to H3539 (כַּדְכֹּד), a precious stone possibly like a flint or agate, which may spark when struck. This etymology directly informs its meaning as a 'spark'—something produced by a striking action.
Semantic Range
Though used only once, כִידוֹד contributes significantly to the theological theme of God's sovereignty over creation in the book of Job. The leviathan represents chaotic, untamable forces, and its fiery sparks symbolize raw, destructive power. By describing this creature in such vivid terms, the text underscores that even the most terrifying aspects of creation are under God's ultimate control, as highlighted in God's speeches (Job 40-41). Understanding this Hebrew term enriches the imagery of divine majesty and power.
In the ancient Near East, sparks from struck flint or metal were a common, observable phenomenon, often associated with fire-making and metallurgy. The metaphorical use in Job 41:19 would have resonated with an audience familiar with the danger and suddenness of fire, amplifying the leviathan's portrayal as an immediate and violent threat.
אֵשׁ (ʼêsh, H784) — The general word for 'fire,' whereas כִידוֹד specifies a single spark. לַהַב (lahav, H3851) — A 'flame' or 'blade,' indicating a larger, sustained fire, unlike a brief spark.
Word Details
How this works
Hebrew definitions are from Brown-Driver-Briggs (1906) and Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (1890), both public domain. BDB was groundbreaking for its era but reflects 19th-century assumptions about Semitic etymology. Modern scholarship (HALOT, DCH) has revised many entries. Use these definitions as a starting point for exploration, not as the final word on a term's meaning in context.
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