κυλλός

crippled, lame

Definition

Kύλλός (kyllos) is an adjective meaning 'crippled' or 'lame,' specifically describing a physical deformity that impairs function, often in the hands or feet. In the New Testament, it is used to depict individuals with withered or maimed limbs who are brought to Jesus for healing, as seen in Matthew 15:30-31. The term can refer to lameness in general, but in Matthew 18:8 and Mark 9:43, it is applied metaphorically to a 'maimed' hand, foot, or eye that should be cut off if it causes one to sin, emphasizing the severity of spiritual stumbling.

Biblical Usage

This word appears four times in the Synoptic Gospels, exclusively in the context of Jesus' healing ministry and His teachings on radical discipleship. In Matthew 15:30-31, it describes the 'lame' among the crowds healed by Jesus, showcasing His compassion and power. In Matthew 18:8 and Mark 9:43, Jesus uses it figuratively to warn against anything that causes spiritual failure, urging believers to remove sources of sin decisively.

Etymology

Derived from the ancient Greek κυλλός (kyllos), meaning 'crooked,' 'bent,' or 'maimed.' It is a primary adjective with no clear earlier root, directly describing a physical state of deformity or impairment. The term was used in classical Greek literature to denote crippling conditions, and this sense carries directly into Koine Greek.

Semantic Range

This word highlights Jesus' authority over physical brokenness as a sign of the inbreaking Kingdom of God, fulfilling prophecies like Isaiah 35:6. The metaphorical use in discipleship teachings (Matthew 18:8, Mark 9:43) underscores the extreme value of entering God's kingdom versus clinging to sin, enriching our understanding of Jesus' call to radical, costly obedience.

In first-century Jewish culture, physical lameness or deformity could exclude individuals from full religious participation (e.g., priests with defects could not serve, Leviticus 21:18) and often carried social stigma. Jesus' healing of the κυλλός not only restored physical health but also reintegrated these marginalized people into community, challenging societal norms and demonstrating a new era of inclusion.

χωλός (chōlos, G5560) — typically refers to lameness in the feet or legs, while κυλλός often emphasizes deformity in the hands. ἀνάπηρος (anapēros, G376) — means 'maimed' or 'disabled,' sometimes used interchangeably but can imply a more severe or complete incapacitation.

Word Details

Scripture References