λατομέω

I hew stones

Definition

The verb λατομέω (latomeō) means to cut or hew stones, specifically referring to the process of quarrying and shaping stone from a rock face. In the New Testament, it is used exclusively to describe the preparation of a tomb. In Matthew 27:60 and Mark 15:46, Joseph of Arimathea places Jesus' body in a tomb that was 'hewn out of the rock.' This indicates a tomb deliberately carved from solid bedrock, as opposed to a natural cave or a constructed sepulcher.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only twice in the New Testament, in the parallel accounts of Jesus' burial in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark. In both instances, it describes the tomb provided by Joseph of Arimathea as being 'hewn out of the rock' (ἐλατόμησεν ἐν τῇ πέτρᾳ). The usage is identical, emphasizing the nature of the tomb as a permanent, costly, and carefully prepared structure cut from a solid rock formation.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek words λᾶας (laas, meaning 'stone') and τέμνω (temnō, meaning 'to cut'). It is a compound verb literally meaning 'to stone-cut.' The related noun λατόμος (latomos) means 'stone-cutter' or 'quarry worker.'

Semantic Range

While the word itself describes a simple construction activity, its specific use in the burial narratives carries theological weight. A 'hewn' tomb signifies a new, unused, and honorable resting place (fulfilling prophecy in Isaiah 53:9), contrasting with a common grave. It underscores Joseph of Arimathea's respect for Jesus and the temporary nature of the tomb, as the one buried there would not remain. The solid, sealed rock from which it was cut makes the subsequent resurrection (Matthew 28:2) all the more miraculous and demonstrative of divine power.

In first-century Judea, rock-cut tombs were a common burial method for wealthier families. They were often family tombs, with niches (loculi) cut into the walls for multiple bodies. The process of 'hewing' such a tomb from a cliff or hillside was labor-intensive and expensive, indicating the social status of the owner. The detail that Joseph's tomb was 'new' (Matthew 27:60) and hewn for himself adds cultural significance, highlighting his personal sacrifice and the honor given to Jesus in death.

οἰκοδομέω (oikodomeō, G3618) — to build or construct, generally of buildings, not specifically stone-cutting. τέμνω (temnō, G5114) — the root verb meaning simply 'to cut,' used more broadly.

Word Details

Scripture References