λαξευτός

hewn out of the rock

Definition

The adjective λαξευτός (laxeytos) means 'hewn out of the rock' or 'cut out of stone.' It specifically describes something that has been carved, excavated, or fashioned from solid rock, rather than being built from separate stones. In its single New Testament occurrence, it refers to a tomb that was not a natural cave but one intentionally carved from a rock formation. This term emphasizes the human labor and intentionality involved in its creation, distinguishing it from a simple cave or a constructed sepulcher.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Luke 23:53. It describes the new tomb where Joseph of Arimathea laid the body of Jesus: '...and laid it in a tomb cut out of the rock, where no one had ever yet been laid.' The usage highlights the tomb's quality and preparation—it was a dedicated, unused space hewn from solid stone, fitting for a dignified burial.

Etymology

Derived from the verb λαξεύω (laxeúō), meaning 'to hew stone' or 'to carve out.' The root relates to working with a chisel (λάξ, lax) on hard material. It is a verbal adjective (ending in -τος) indicating the result of the action: 'having been hewn.' The word family is connected to stone masonry and excavation.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, λαξευτός carries theological weight in the narrative of Jesus' burial. The 'hewn' tomb, new and unused, signifies the honor given to Jesus' body and fulfills the prophecy that He would be with the rich in His death (Isaiah 53:9). It also underscores the reality and tangibility of His burial, a crucial precursor to the physical resurrection. The solid, permanent nature of the rock-hewn tomb makes the subsequent emptiness of Easter morning all the more miraculous.

In first-century Judea, rock-hewn tombs were a common burial practice for those who could afford them. They were often family tombs, cut horizontally into limestone hillsides. A 'λαξευτός' tomb represented a significant investment of labor and resources, indicating the social status of the owner (like Joseph of Arimathea) and care for the deceased. This contrasts with simpler graves or burial in the ground.

μνημεῖον (mnēmeion, G3419) — a general term for a tomb, memorial, or sepulcher; can be built or natural. τάφος (taphos, G5028) — another general word for a grave or burial place, often emphasizing the act of burial itself.

Word Details

Scripture References