λευκαίνω

I whiten

Definition

The verb λευκαίνω means 'to whiten,' 'to make white,' or 'to bleach.' In its two New Testament occurrences, it describes an intense, radiant whitening. In Mark 9:3, it refers to the supernatural transformation of Jesus' garments during the Transfiguration, becoming 'exceedingly white, as no launderer on earth could whiten them.' In Revelation 7:14, it is used metaphorically, describing how the robes of the great multitude have been 'washed white' or 'made white' in the blood of the Lamb, symbolizing purification from sin.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only twice in the New Testament, each in a distinct context. In Mark 9:3, it is used in a narrative of a miraculous, visible event—the Transfiguration. In Revelation 7:14, it is used in a visionary, symbolic context to describe the result of spiritual cleansing. Both uses imply a whitening that is beyond ordinary human capability, achieved by divine action.

Etymology

Derived from the adjective λευκός (leukos, G3022), meaning 'white,' 'bright,' or 'shining.' The verb form λευκαίνω is a causative verb, meaning 'to make white.' It is related to words for light and brightness, connecting the idea of whiteness to radiance and purity.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it connects physical radiance with spiritual purity. In Mark 9:3, the dazzling whiteness reveals Jesus' divine glory. In Revelation 7:14, the whitened robes represent the complete purification and victory of the saints, achieved through Christ's atoning sacrifice. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting that this 'whitening' is always an act of God, signifying transcendent holiness, glory, and redemption.

In the ancient world, white garments were often associated with purity, victory, and divine or angelic beings. The process of laundering clothes to a brilliant white was difficult and imperfect, making the description in Mark 9:3 of a whiteness beyond any launderer's skill a powerful metaphor for a divine, supernatural quality. The metaphor in Revelation would resonate with this cultural association of white with ceremonial cleanliness and triumph.

λευκός (leukos, G3022) — The adjective meaning 'white,' describing a state or color. λευκαίνω is the action of making something have that quality. καθαρίζω (katharizō, G2511) — Means 'to cleanse' or 'purify,' often in a moral or ritual sense; λευκαίνω in Revelation 7:14 overlaps with this concept but emphasizes the resulting radiant purity.

Word Details

Scripture References