λίνον

flax, linen

Definition

λίνον primarily refers to 'flax,' the plant from which linen is made, and by extension, the finished product 'linen cloth.' In the New Testament, it appears in two distinct contexts. In Matthew 12:20, the 'smoking flax' (λίνον τυφόμενον) is a metaphor from Isaiah 42:3 for a weakened, nearly extinguished wick, symbolizing fragile human life that Christ will not break. In Revelation 15:6, seven angels are clothed in pure, bright linen (λίνον καθαρόν), representing priestly purity and divine glory in a heavenly temple setting.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, in two very different books and contexts. In Matthew's Gospel (12:20), it is used metaphorically, quoting the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) to describe Christ's gentle ministry. In the Book of Revelation (15:6), it is used literally and symbolically for the radiant, pure garments of angels executing God's final judgments, connecting to Old Testament priestly vestments.

Etymology

The word λίνον is a native Greek noun of ancient origin, directly meaning 'flax' or 'linen.' It is the source of English words like 'linen' and 'line' (from linen thread). Its meaning is stable, referring to both the raw material and the finished textile throughout classical and biblical Greek.

Semantic Range

The two uses of λίνον offer rich theological insight. In Matthew 12:20, it underscores the compassion and sustaining grace of the Messiah toward the weak and failing. In Revelation 15:6, the pure linen signifies the absolute holiness, righteousness, and glorious authority of God's heavenly servants as they enact His perfect justice. Understanding the Greek connects the gentle Savior of the Gospels with the holy judge of Revelation.

In the ancient world, linen, made from flax, was a valuable textile often associated with priests, royalty, and purity due to its bright, clean appearance. It was more expensive than wool. The 'smoking flax' wick in a lamp was a common household image of something feeble and on the verge of going out, making Christ's metaphor in Matthew 12:20 immediately relatable.

σινδών (sindōn, G4616) — a fine linen cloth, often a sheet or shroud (e.g., Mark 15:46). βύσσος (byssos, G1040) — very fine, expensive linen, often translated 'fine linen' (e.g., Luke 16:19).

Word Details

Scripture References