μακράν

far away

Definition

The Greek word μακράν (makran) is an adverb meaning 'far away' or 'at a distance,' describing both physical and metaphorical separation. In its literal sense, it denotes spatial remoteness, as seen when the prodigal son is 'still a long way off' (Luke 15:20) or when the disciples' boat is 'about a hundred yards' from shore (John 21:8). Metaphorically, it expresses relational or spiritual distance, such as Gentiles being 'far away' from God's covenants (Ephesians 2:13, implied in Acts 22:21) or a person being 'not far from the kingdom of God' (Mark 12:34). It can also indicate the extent of God's reach, as in the promise that is 'for all who are far off' (Acts 2:39).

Biblical Usage

Μακράν appears 10 times in the New Testament, used in Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John), Acts, and Ephesians. It describes physical distance in narratives (e.g., Luke 7:6; John 21:8). In theological discourse, it metaphorically contrasts proximity to God or His kingdom (Mark 12:34; Acts 2:39; Acts 17:27). A key pattern is its use for Gentiles' spiritual alienation, notably in Acts 22:21, where Paul is sent 'far away' to them, echoing the 'far off' language of Ephesians 2:13, 17.

Etymology

Μακράν is the accusative singular feminine form of the adjective μακρός (makros, G3117), meaning 'long' or 'far.' It functions as an adverb. Derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mak-, meaning 'long' or 'thin,' it is cognate with Latin 'macer' (thin) and English 'meager.' In Greek, its meaning extended from physical length to spatial and temporal distance.

Semantic Range

Μακράν is theologically significant for illustrating humanity's separation from God and the scope of divine grace. It highlights the Gentile condition of being 'far off' from God's promises (Ephesians 2:13), a distance overcome by Christ's work, which brings near those who were once alienated. In passages like Acts 2:39 and 17:27, it emphasizes God's inclusive reach—His promise and presence extend even to those geographically or spiritually distant. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by clarifying the biblical theme of reconciliation, moving from alienation to inclusion in God's kingdom.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, 'far away' often implied not just physical distance but also cultural and religious separation. For Jews, Gentiles were considered 'far off' due to their exclusion from the covenant and Torah. This cultural-religious distance is key in New Testament usage, where μακράν captures the divide between Jews and Gentiles, a central issue in early Christian mission. The term's use would resonate with audiences familiar with such ethnic and religious boundaries.

πόρρω (porrō, G4206) — a more common adverb for 'far,' often interchangeable but sometimes implying a greater distance or removal. μακρός (makros, G3117) — the adjective form meaning 'long' or 'far,' used for physical dimensions or duration. ἀπὸ μακρόθεν (apo makrothen, G3113) — a phrase meaning 'from afar,' emphasizing perspective or origin of distance.

Word Details

Scripture References