מַשְׂמְרָה

a peg

Definition

The Hebrew noun מַשְׂמְרָה (masmᵉrâh) refers to a peg or nail, a small, pointed object used for fastening or securing something. In its single biblical occurrence in Ecclesiastes 12:11, it is used metaphorically alongside 'goads' to describe the words of the wise, which are firmly fixed like a peg driven into a surface. While the basic sense is a physical fastener, the context in Ecclesiastes emphasizes stability and reliability. There are no other biblical passages where this specific form carries a different meaning.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only once in the Old Testament, in Ecclesiastes 12:11. It is used in a wisdom context, paired with 'goads' (דָּרְבָן, dorbān, H1861) to describe the collected sayings of the wise. The verse states, 'The words of the wise are like goads, and like nails firmly fixed are the collected sayings of one shepherd.' Here, the peg symbolizes something that provides a firm, secure, and anchoring point for thought and life.

Etymology

The word מַשְׂמְרָה (masmᵉrâh) is a feminine noun derived from the root שׂ־מ־ר (ś-m-r), which relates to guarding or preserving. It is specifically a feminine form of the more common masculine noun מַסְמֵר (masmēr, H4548), which also means 'nail' or 'peg.' This connection suggests the idea of something that 'guards' or 'holds fast' by being driven in securely. Cognates in other Semitic languages support the meaning of a nail or peg.

Semantic Range

Though a simple object, its sole metaphorical use in Ecclesiastes 12:11 gives it theological weight. It portrays divine wisdom, ultimately from the 'one shepherd' (often understood as God), as providing a stable, anchoring truth in a fleeting and confusing world (הֶבֶל, hevel). Understanding this Hebrew metaphor enriches the reading of Ecclesiastes by highlighting that God's wisdom is not merely provocative (like a goad) but also provides a fixed point of reference and security for the believer.

In ancient Israel, pegs or nails were typically made of wood or metal and were essential for constructing tents, securing objects, and fastening materials in building. A firmly driven peg was a symbol of reliability and strength. The metaphorical use in Ecclesiastes would resonate with an audience familiar with the importance of a secure peg in their daily domestic and nomadic life, contrasting with the instability of life 'under the sun.'

מַסְמֵר (masmēr, H4548) — The more common masculine form for 'nail' or 'peg,' used for the nails of the tabernacle (1 Chronicles 22:3) and in other literal contexts. יָתֵד (yātēd, H3489) — A 'tent peg' or 'stake,' often associated with securing a tent (Judges 4:21-22, Isaiah 54:2), emphasizing a pin driven into the ground.

Word Details

Scripture References