מֵחַ
fat; figuratively, rich
Definition
The Hebrew noun מֵחַ (mêach) refers specifically to the fat or suet of an animal, particularly the rich, fatty portions surrounding the kidneys and entrails. In its literal sense, it denotes the choicest, most valuable part of the sacrificial animal, as seen in Psalm 66:15 where the psalmist offers 'fatlings' (מֵחִים) as a burnt offering. Figuratively, the word extends to signify richness, abundance, and prosperity, as in Isaiah 5:17, where it describes the land of the wealthy ('the fat ones') being consumed by lambs. The word consistently carries a connotation of quality, abundance, and desirability.
Biblical Usage
The word occurs only twice in the Old Testament, both in poetic contexts. In Psalm 66:15, it is used literally in a sacrificial setting, referring to the fat of sacrificial animals offered to God. In Isaiah 5:17, it is used figuratively in a prophetic oracle of judgment, where the 'fat ones' (a metaphor for the rich and prosperous) will see their land become pasture. Its usage thus spans from the concrete (sacrificial fat) to the metaphorical (human/economic richness), always associated with something abundant and choice.
Etymology
The noun מֵחַ (mêach) is derived from the root מָחָה (māchâ, H4229), which means 'to wipe, rub, or stroke.' The connection likely arises from the concept of greasing or anointing—the act of rubbing with fat or oil. This etymological link highlights the substance's physical property (greasiness) and its associated uses, such as in offerings or as a symbol of richness.
Semantic Range
מֵחַ is theologically significant as it represents the 'best portion' given to God in worship. In the sacrificial system, the fat was considered the Lord's portion (Leviticus 3:16-17), symbolizing the worshipper's dedication of their finest resources. Its figurative use for human wealth in Isaiah 5:17 connects material abundance with spiritual accountability, warning that prosperity without righteousness leads to judgment. Understanding this Hebrew term enriches reading by highlighting the biblical value placed on offering God our best and the dangers of trusting in riches.
In ancient Israelite culture, animal fat was highly valued as a source of energy, flavor, and even as a cooking medium. In a religious context, the specific fatty portions (מֵחַ) were reserved exclusively for God in many sacrifices, being burned on the altar as a 'pleasing aroma' (Leviticus 3:16). This practice distinguished Israel from neighboring cultures where fat might be consumed. The metaphorical use of 'fat' for prosperity was a common ancient Near Eastern metaphor for blessing and success, making Isaiah's prophecy of the 'fat ones' being dispossessed a powerful image of reversal.
חֵלֶב (cheleb, H2459) — The more common term for animal fat or suet, especially the specific fat offered on the altar; often used interchangeably but can have a broader sacrificial context. דֶּשֶׁן (deshen, H1880) — Refers to ashes or fatness, often used figuratively for prosperity or abundance, but with a focus on the residue or fertile result.
Word Details
How this works
Hebrew definitions are from Brown-Driver-Briggs (1906) and Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (1890), both public domain. BDB was groundbreaking for its era but reflects 19th-century assumptions about Semitic etymology. Modern scholarship (HALOT, DCH) has revised many entries. Use these definitions as a starting point for exploration, not as the final word on a term's meaning in context.
Full methodology & sources →