μεταδίδωμι

I share, impart

Definition

The verb μεταδίδωμι means 'to share' or 'to impart,' carrying the core idea of giving something of one's own to another. In its most concrete sense, it refers to the sharing of physical possessions, such as food and clothing (Luke 3:11). In a more abstract and relational sense, it describes the sharing of spiritual gifts, encouragement, and even one's own self with others (Romans 1:11; 1 Thessalonians 2:8). The term implies a voluntary and generous transfer, not merely a loan or temporary provision.

Biblical Usage

Μεταδίδωμι is used five times in the New Testament, primarily in Pauline literature. It appears in practical ethical instruction about sharing with the needy (Ephesians 4:28) and as a spiritual gift to be exercised with generosity (Romans 12:8). It also describes Paul's desire to share spiritual encouragement with the Roman church (Romans 1:11) and the Thessalonians' sharing of both the gospel and their very lives (1 Thessalonians 2:8). Its sole non-Pauline use is in John the Baptist's call for ethical sharing (Luke 3:11).

Etymology

The word is a compound of the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'among,' and the common verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give.' Thus, its literal sense is 'to give with' or 'to give among,' perfectly capturing the communal and participatory nature of the action. It is related to words like δόσις (dosis, 'a giving') and δωρεά (dōrea, 'a gift').

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it encapsulates the Christian ethic of generosity and mutual interdependence within the body of Christ. It moves charity beyond mere duty to a participatory sharing of life and spiritual blessings, reflecting God's own generous nature. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting that biblical giving is often portrayed as a relational, 'with-you' act, foundational to fellowship (koinōnia) and community life.

In the Greco-Roman world, patronage and reciprocal gift-giving were key social structures. Μεταδίδωμι, however, is used in the New Testament to describe a form of giving that is not primarily about social obligation or gaining honor, but about genuine, need-meeting generosity and spiritual fellowship. This contrasted with some cultural norms where giving was often a calculated exchange to elevate one's status.

δίδωμι (didōmi, G1325) — The simple root verb 'to give,' without the inherent communal nuance of 'sharing with.' κοινωνέω (koinōneō, G2841) — Means 'to share in' or 'have fellowship,' focusing more on participation and partnership than on the act of imparting. μεταλαμβάνω (metalambanō, G3335) — Means 'to receive a share of,' focusing on the recipient's experience rather than the giver's action.

Word Details

Scripture References