מֵיתָר
a cord (of a tent); or the string (of a bow)
Definition
The Hebrew noun מֵיתָר (mêythâr) refers to a cord or string, primarily used in two distinct contexts in the Old Testament. Its most frequent usage describes the cords or ropes used to secure the curtains and coverings of the tabernacle, as detailed in the books of Exodus and Numbers (e.g., Exodus 35:18, Numbers 3:26). In a different context, it denotes the string of a bow, a vital component for launching arrows, as seen in Psalm 21:12 (Hebrew 21:13). This dual application highlights objects essential for structural support and martial function.
Biblical Usage
This word appears nine times, predominantly in the Pentateuch's detailed descriptions of the tabernacle's construction and transport (Exodus 35:18; Numbers 3:26, 37; 4:26, 32). In these passages, it specifies the cords used to tie down the tent's curtains and hangings. The sole non-tabernacle usage is in a poetic, martial context in Psalm 21:12, where it refers to the string of a bow that enemies prepare but fail to draw. The pattern shows a strong association with sacred architecture and, in one instance, warfare.
Etymology
מֵיתָר derives from the root יָתַר (yāthar, H3498), meaning 'to remain over, to excel, or to have an excess.' The noun form suggests something that is 'left over' or perhaps 'extended,' fitting for a cord that is drawn out or a bowstring that is stretched. It is linguistically related to יֶתֶר (yether, H3499), which can mean 'cord' or 'bowstring,' indicating a shared semantic field for binding or tension.
Semantic Range
While a practical object, מֵיתָר gains theological significance through its role in the tabernacle, the dwelling place of God among His people. The cords that secured the structure symbolize the order, precision, and stability required in worship and God's holy presence (Exodus 26-40). In Psalm 21:12, the failed bowstring of enemies illustrates God's sovereign protection of the king, showing that human opposition is futile against divine purpose. Understanding this term enriches reading by connecting physical details to themes of divine order and protection.
In ancient Near Eastern culture, tents were central to nomadic life, and their cords were crucial for stability against the wind. The tabernacle was a sacred tent, and its cords represented both practical necessity and ritual care. A bowstring was a critical component of a warrior's primary weapon. The failure of a bowstring in Psalm 21:12 would render a warrior helpless, making it a powerful image of divinely orchestrated defeat.
חֶבֶל (chevel, H2256) — a thicker rope, cable, or measuring line; often used for binding, territory, or a lifeline. עֲבֹת ('avoth, H5688) — a thick, twisted cord or rope; used for the tabernacle and for binding sacrifices. יֶתֶר (yether, H3499) — a very close synonym meaning cord or bowstring; sometimes used interchangeably.
Word Details
How this works
Hebrew definitions are from Brown-Driver-Briggs (1906) and Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (1890), both public domain. BDB was groundbreaking for its era but reflects 19th-century assumptions about Semitic etymology. Modern scholarship (HALOT, DCH) has revised many entries. Use these definitions as a starting point for exploration, not as the final word on a term's meaning in context.
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