μίγμα

a mixture

Definition

μίγμα refers to a mixture, blend, or compound of different substances. In the New Testament, it specifically denotes a prepared mixture of aromatic spices used in burial customs. The word appears only in John 19:39, where Nicodemus brings a 'mixture' (μίγμα) of myrrh and aloes for Jesus' burial. This usage highlights a tangible, physical compound rather than a metaphorical mixing. The term implies a deliberate combining of elements to create something used for a specific, solemn purpose.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in John 19:39. It describes the specific burial spices—a mixture of myrrh and aloes—that Nicodemus brought to prepare Jesus' body for entombment. The usage is concrete and practical, occurring in a narrative context detailing the respectful treatment of Jesus' body after the crucifixion. There are no other patterns or varied usages in the biblical text.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek verb μίγνυμι (mignymi, G3396), meaning 'to mix, mingle, or blend.' μίγμα is the noun form resulting from that action, meaning 'that which is mixed' or 'a mixture.' It shares a root with other words related to mixing or association in the Greek language.

Semantic Range

While the word itself is a common noun, its single biblical occurrence carries significant theological weight. The 'mixture' of spices in John 19:39 signifies the honor, care, and costly devotion shown to Jesus even in death, foreshadowing his burial and resurrection. It connects to themes of sacrifice, anointing, and the fulfillment of messianic prophecy (e.g., Psalm 45:8, Song of Solomon 4:14). Understanding this specific term enriches the reader's appreciation for the detailed, reverent actions taken in the pivotal moment between crucifixion and resurrection.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, the use of aromatic spice mixtures for burial was a common practice to anoint the body, mask the odor of decomposition, and show respect for the deceased. The specific mention of myrrh and aloes indicates a costly and honorable preparation, fitting for royalty or persons of high status. This cultural act underscores the gospel's presentation of Jesus as a king, even in his burial.

κρᾶμα (krama, G2767) — a mixture, often of wine and water; implies a blending more than a compound. σύνθεσις (synthesis, G4854) — a putting together, composition; can refer to a compound medicine. μῖξις (mixis, G3397) — the act or process of mixing.

Word Details

Scripture References