μικρός

little, small

Definition

The adjective μικρός primarily means 'little' or 'small' in terms of physical size, age, or degree. In the Gospels, it often refers to literal smallness, such as the mustard seed (Matthew 13:32, Mark 4:31) or a child (Matthew 18:6). It also carries a comparative sense of 'lesser' in importance or status, as seen when Jesus says 'the one who is least (μικρότερος) in the kingdom of heaven is greater than [John the Baptist]' (Matthew 11:11). Furthermore, it can denote a short duration of time, as in 'a little while' (John 7:33, 12:35).

Biblical Usage

Μικρός is used throughout the New Testament, most frequently in the Gospels and Acts. It commonly describes children or those considered insignificant in society (e.g., Matthew 18:6, 10, 14). It modifies physical objects like seeds or fish (Matthew 13:32, 15:34). It also appears in ethical or relational contexts, such as showing kindness to 'one of these little ones' (Matthew 10:42) or in the phrase 'a little leaven' symbolizing a small corrupting influence (1 Corinthians 5:6). The comparative (μικρότερος) and superlative (ἐλάχιστος) forms are also used to discuss hierarchy and humility.

Etymology

Derived from the ancient Greek μικρός, meaning 'small, little, short'. It is the direct source of English scientific prefixes like 'micro-'. The word itself is of uncertain, possibly pre-Greek, origin. In Koine Greek, it retained its core semantic range from classical usage.

Semantic Range

Μικρός is theologically significant as it is often used by Jesus to refer to his humble followers, especially children and those with childlike faith (Matthew 18:6, 10). This elevates the status of the seemingly insignificant in God's kingdom, challenging worldly notions of greatness. Understanding this term enriches readings of passages about God's care for the 'little ones' and the call to humility, revealing a central kingdom value where the 'least' are highly valued.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, children and those of low social status held little power or honor. By repeatedly using μικρός for his disciples and those he valued, Jesus deliberately subverted this cultural hierarchy. The term's use for a 'little while' (John 16:16-19) would have been understood in a linear sense of a short, impending period, not an indefinite one.

ὀλίγος (oligos, G3641) — emphasizes few in number or a small amount. βραχύς (brachys, G1024) — specifically denotes something short in space or time. ἐλάσσων (elassōn, G1640) — comparative form meaning 'lesser' or 'inferior', often in rank or quality.

Word Details

Scripture References