νεύω

I nod, make a sign

Definition

The verb νεύω means to nod or to make a sign, typically a non-verbal gesture of communication. In its two New Testament occurrences, it consistently refers to a silent, beckoning motion intended to convey a message or request. In John 13:24, Peter uses this gesture to ask the disciple 'whom Jesus loved' to inquire who the betrayer would be. In Acts 24:10, the governor Paul makes a similar sign, nodding for permission to speak in his own defense.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in narrative contexts to describe a silent, physical gesture that initiates speech or inquiry. In John 13:24, it occurs in the intimate setting of the Last Supper, where Peter 'beckons' to another disciple. In Acts 24:10, it is used in the formal, public setting of a legal defense before Governor Felix. In both cases, the nod or sign is a prelude to spoken words, showing a cultural convention for requesting the floor or prompting a question.

Etymology

Derived from the ancient Greek verb νεύω (neuō), meaning 'to nod' or 'to incline the head.' It is related to words indicating motion or inclination. The core idea is a physical gesture of the head, which in context extends to making any silent signal.

Semantic Range

While the word itself describes a simple action, its use in John 13:24 is theologically significant. It occurs at the Last Supper, directly preceding Jesus's identification of Judas as the betrayer. This subtle gesture highlights the intimacy and tension among the disciples, emphasizing the private communication and Peter's desire for clarity about Jesus's prophecy. Understanding this gesture enriches the narrative's dramatic tension.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, non-verbal gestures like nodding were important for communication, especially in formal or restrained settings where speaking out of turn was inappropriate. The gesture in Acts 24:10 reflects courtroom decorum, where a speaker would respectfully signal for permission before addressing an authority. This differs from modern casual nodding, as it carried specific social and rhetorical weight.

σημαίνω (sēmainō, G4591) — to give a sign or signal, often more overt or portentous than a simple nod. δείκνυμι (deiknymi, G1166) — to show or point out, typically a direct visual demonstration.

Word Details

Scripture References