Νικόδημος
Nicodemus
Definition
Nicodemus is a Pharisee and a member of the Jewish ruling council, the Sanhedrin (John 3:1). He is portrayed as a cautious, learned man who initially comes to Jesus at night, seeking understanding (John 3:2, 4, 9). Later, he demonstrates growth by defending Jesus before the Sanhedrin (John 7:50) and, ultimately, publicly honoring Jesus in death by assisting with his burial (John 19:39).
Biblical Usage
The name Nicodemus appears exclusively in the Gospel of John, where he is a significant character in a narrative arc. He is used to illustrate a journey from secret inquiry to public, albeit cautious, discipleship. His five appearances trace this development: his nighttime conversation with Jesus about being 'born again' (John 3:1-21), his defense of Jesus' legal rights before the Pharisees (John 7:50-52), and his final act of providing a lavish burial for Jesus' body (John 19:39-42).
Etymology
The name Νικόδημος (Nikodēmos) is a compound of two Greek words: νίκη (nikē), meaning 'victory,' and δῆμος (dēmos), meaning 'people.' Thus, the name means 'victor of the people' or 'conqueror of the people.' It was a common Greek personal name, reflecting cultural values of honor and success.
Semantic Range
Nicodemus represents the earnest seeker from within established religion, highlighting themes of spiritual rebirth, faith development, and the cost of discipleship. His story shows that understanding Jesus requires a supernatural, spiritual awakening ('born again,' John 3:3). His arc from night to a public act of devotion underscores the Gospel's call to move from darkness to light and to confess Christ openly.
As a Pharisee and a ruler of the Jews, Nicodemus held high social and religious status. His initial visit at night (John 3:2) may indicate caution to avoid public association with Jesus, protecting his reputation. His later, public act of providing expensive burial spices (John 19:39) was a culturally significant gesture of honor and respect, but also a major risk, aligning himself with a condemned criminal.
No direct synonyms, as it is a proper name. Thematically related to: Φαρισαῖος (Pharisaios, G5330) — a member of the religious party to which Nicodemus belonged; and Ἰωσήφ (Iōsēph, G2501) — Joseph of Arimathea, who partnered with Nicodemus in Jesus' burial (John 19:38-39).
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Dodson Greek-English Lexicon, a concise public-domain resource suitable for introductory word study. Brief glosses are supplemented by STEPBible TBESG data (CC BY 4.0). For advanced research, standard scholarly references include BDAG (Danker, 3rd ed.) and LSJ.
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