ὄπισθεν

from behind, after

Definition

The Greek word ὄπισθεν is an adverb meaning 'from behind,' 'after,' or 'in the rear.' It primarily denotes spatial position, describing someone or something located at the back of another object or person, as when the woman with an issue of blood touches Jesus' garment 'from behind' (Mark 5:27, Luke 8:44). It can also imply temporal sequence, meaning 'after' or 'following,' as seen when Simon of Cyrene is compelled to carry the cross 'behind' Jesus (Luke 23:26). In Revelation, it is used descriptively for the four living creatures having eyes 'in the back' (ὄπισθεν) as well as the front (Revelation 4:6).

Biblical Usage

ὄπισθεν is used seven times in the New Testament, appearing in the Gospels and Revelation. In the Synoptic Gospels, it consistently describes a physical position 'behind' someone, often in narratives of healing or suffering (Matthew 9:20, Mark 5:27, Luke 8:44, Luke 23:26). In Matthew 15:23, the disciples report that a Canaanite woman is 'crying out after' (ὄπισθεν) them, implying she is following behind. In Revelation, it is used in visionary descriptions of heavenly beings (Revelation 4:6, 5:1).

Etymology

Derived from the Greek root ὀπίσω (opisō, G3694), meaning 'after' or 'backwards.' It is an adverb formed with the suffix -θεν, which typically indicates motion 'from' a place. Thus, ὄπισθεν literally conveys the sense of 'from the back' or 'from behind.'

Semantic Range

While primarily a spatial/temporal marker, ὄπισθεν can enrich understanding of discipleship and divine revelation. In Luke 23:26, Simon carries the cross 'behind' Jesus, a potent image of following in the path of suffering. In Revelation 4:6, the eyes 'in back' of the living creatures symbolize God's omniscient awareness—seeing all things, with nothing hidden 'behind' His back. This underscores the completeness of God's knowledge and presence.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, position 'behind' someone could indicate inferior status, submission, or following as a disciple. A person approaching from behind, as in the healing narratives, might also reflect cultural norms of deference or avoiding a direct, confrontational approach to a superior figure.

ὀπίσω (opisō, G3694) — Often interchangeable for 'after' or 'behind,' but can more strongly imply purpose or pursuit (e.g., 'follow after'). μετὰ (meta, G3326) — A common preposition for 'with' or 'after,' focusing more on accompaniment or temporal sequence than physical position.

Word Details

Scripture References