ὀψέ

late, in the evening

Definition

ὀψέ is an adverb meaning 'late' or 'in the evening,' specifically referring to the latter part of the day. In Matthew 28:1, it describes the time 'late on the Sabbath' as it was dawning toward the first day of the week, indicating the very end of the Sabbath and transition to Sunday. In Mark 11:19, it simply means 'evening,' marking the time Jesus and his disciples would leave Jerusalem. In Mark 13:35, it is used in a parable about a master returning home, listing ὀψέ as one of the watches of the night ('late' or 'at evening'), emphasizing an unexpected time.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only three times in the New Testament, all in the Gospels (Matthew and Mark). It consistently functions as a temporal marker for the late afternoon or evening. In narrative (Matthew 28:1, Mark 11:19), it sets a specific time of day. In the parabolic teaching of Mark 13:35, it takes on a symbolic role, representing one of the periods of watchfulness for the Lord's return.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek root related to ὄψις (opsis, 'appearance' or 'face'), it originally carried a sense of 'late in appearance.' It is cognate with words like ὀψία (opsia, 'evening'). Its fundamental meaning relates to the latter part of the day when things become dim or less visible.

Semantic Range

While primarily a time indicator, its use in Mark 13:35 connects it to the theme of eschatological watchfulness. By listing ὀψέ as a time the master of a house might return, Jesus underscores that his followers must be prepared at all hours, even those perceived as late or unexpected. Understanding this specific temporal marker enriches the parable's call to constant vigilance.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, the day was broadly divided into periods rather than precise hours. 'Evening' (ὀψέ) marked a clear transition from the day's labor to rest and the onset of darkness. The reference to 'watches' in Mark 13:35 reflects the Roman military practice of dividing the night into four watches, with the 'late' watch being a time of deep night and vulnerability, heightening the parable's imagery.

ὀψία (opsia, G3798) — A near synonym also meaning 'evening,' but often used as a noun (e.g., 'the evening'). ὀψέ is primarily adverbial. δείλη (deilē, G2100) — Another term for 'evening,' but can imply the afternoon heat is past.

Word Details

Scripture References