παρακύπτω

I stoop, peer in, look down

Definition

The verb παρακύπτω means to stoop down or bend over in order to look at something closely and intently. It carries the sense of peering into or gazing into something with curiosity and focused attention. In the Gospels, it describes the physical act of stooping to look into the empty tomb (Luke 24:12, John 20:5, 11). In a figurative sense, it describes the careful, sustained attention one gives to God's perfect law in James 1:25. In 1 Peter 1:12, it is used of angels desiring to look into the mysteries of the gospel.

Biblical Usage

It is used five times in the New Testament, primarily in resurrection narratives. In Luke 24:12 and John 20:5, 11, it describes Peter and Mary Magdalene physically bending down to peer into Jesus's tomb. This usage highlights investigation and witness. In James 1:25, it is used metaphorically for someone who looks intently into God's perfect law and obeys it. In 1 Peter 1:12, it describes angels' intense interest and desire to comprehend the salvation accomplished through Christ.

Etymology

Derived from παρά (para, 'beside, alongside') and the root κύπτω (kyptō, 'to bend forward, stoop'). The compound suggests bending oneself beside or over something to see it. The root κύπτω is used in John 8:6, 8 for Jesus stooping down to write on the ground.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it moves from a simple physical action to a metaphor for spiritual attentiveness. In James 1:25, 'looking intently' into the law represents the active, obedient engagement with God's word that leads to blessing. In 1 Peter 1:12, it underscores the profound mystery and wonder of the gospel, a reality so magnificent that even angels long to comprehend it fully. Understanding this word enriches our reading by connecting the disciples' physical investigation of the empty tomb to the believer's spiritual investigation of God's truth.

In the ancient world, tombs were often low, cave-like structures, requiring one to physically stoop or crouch to see inside. The action described is not a casual glance but a deliberate, investigative posture. This cultural detail makes the resurrection accounts more vivid, emphasizing that the disciples were making a careful examination of the scene.

βλέπω (blepō, G991) — a more general term for 'to see' or 'look at'. θεωρέω (theōreō, G2334) — to observe, contemplate, or behold, often with a sense of continuous observation. ἐμβλέπω (emblepō, G1689) — to look at intently, to fix one's gaze upon.

Word Details

Scripture References