παρεισφέρω

I contribute besides

Definition

The verb παρεισφέρω means 'to bring in besides,' 'to contribute additionally,' or 'to supply in addition.' It carries the sense of adding something extra to what is already present or required. In its only New Testament occurrence, 2 Peter 1:5, it is used positively to urge believers to actively supplement their faith with a list of virtues. Outside biblical literature, the word could also have a neutral or negative connotation of 'smuggling in' or introducing something surreptitiously, but this sense is not employed in the biblical text.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 2 Peter 1:5. Here, it functions as an imperative, urging believers to make every effort to 'add' or 'supply' moral qualities to their foundational faith. The context is a chain of virtues—goodness, knowledge, self-control, etc.—that believers are commanded to progressively cultivate. The usage is entirely positive and exhortative, focusing on diligent spiritual growth and development.

Etymology

Παρεισφέρω is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, meaning 'beside') and the verb εἰσφέρω (eispherō, meaning 'to bring in' or 'to carry in'). Literally, it means 'to bring in beside' or 'to carry in alongside.' This construction emphasizes the idea of introducing an additional element to an existing situation or foundation.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures the active, cooperative role of the believer in spiritual growth following justification by faith. In 2 Peter 1:5, it teaches that saving faith is not passive but must be diligently cultivated and 'supplemented' with virtue. This complements the doctrine of sanctification, highlighting human responsibility in working out salvation (Philippians 2:12-13) while relying on God's divine power (2 Peter 1:3). Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by emphasizing the intentional effort required in the Christian life.

In the Greco-Roman world, lists of virtues (like the one in 2 Peter 1:5-7) were common in ethical teaching, both in philosophical schools and popular morality. The command to 'add' these qualities would resonate with an audience familiar with the concept of moral progress and self-improvement. The word itself, implying a valuable addition, aligns with cultural ideals of contributing to and enhancing one's character or social standing.

προσφέρω (prospherō, G4374) — to bring to, offer; often used for sacrifices or presentations. ἐπιχορηγέω (epichorēgeō, G2023) — to supply fully, furnish abundantly; emphasizes generous provision. προστίθημι (prostithēmi, G4369) — to put to, add; a more general term for adding something.

Word Details

Scripture References