πειράω

I try, attempt

Definition

The verb πειράω (peiraō) primarily means 'to try, attempt, or endeavor.' In its two New Testament occurrences, it is used in the middle voice, conveying the sense of 'making an attempt' or 'trying to do something.' In Acts 9:26, it describes the disciples in Jerusalem being afraid of Saul and not believing he was a disciple, so they did not attempt to associate with him. In Acts 26:21, Paul recounts that for this reason (his preaching), Jews seized him in the temple and tried to kill him. The word focuses on the act of undertaking or striving toward a specific action, whether peaceful or violent.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in the Book of Acts and in the middle voice. It appears in narrative contexts describing human attempts that are met with resistance or failure. In Acts 9:26, it refers to the disciples' unwillingness to attempt fellowship with Saul. In Acts 26:21, it describes the Jewish mob's attempt to kill Paul. The pattern shows it used for significant, consequential efforts that are thwarted.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek noun πειρα (peira), meaning 'trial, attempt, or experience.' It is related to the verb πειράζω (peirazō, G3985), which means 'to test or tempt,' sharing the root idea of putting something to a trial. The meaning of πειράω developed to focus more on the active sense of attempting or endeavoring.

Semantic Range

While not a theologically heavy term, πειράω appears in pivotal moments in Acts where human plans conflict with divine purpose. In both instances (Acts 9:26, 26:21), the human attempts—whether to avoid Paul or to kill him—are ultimately overruled by God's plan for gospel advancement. It subtly highlights the limitations of human endeavor against the backdrop of God's sovereign mission, encouraging readers to see how God works despite opposition or reluctance.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of 'attempting' an action carried a sense of risk and uncertainty, often involving a test of one's capability or circumstances. The two biblical usages reflect common social dynamics: suspicion toward a former enemy (Saul) and mob violence. The failed attempts would resonate with an ancient audience familiar with political intrigue and the unpredictability of human affairs.

πειράζω (peirazō, G3985) — means to test or tempt, often with a moral or spiritual dimension (e.g., testing God, being tempted by Satan). δοκιμάζω (dokimazō, G1381) — means to test, prove, or approve, with a focus on examining genuineness or worth.

Word Details

Scripture References