φεύγω

I flee, escape, shun

Definition

The verb φεύγω primarily means 'to flee' or 'to run away from danger,' as seen when Joseph is told to flee to Egypt with the infant Jesus (Matthew 2:13) or when the disciples flee from Gethsemane (Matthew 26:56). It can also mean 'to escape' from a threatening situation, such as escaping the coming wrath (Matthew 3:7) or escaping the destruction of Jerusalem (Matthew 24:16). In a more figurative sense, it means 'to shun' or 'to avoid,' as in the command to flee from idolatry or immorality (1 Corinthians 6:18, 1 Corinthians 10:14).

Biblical Usage

φεύγω is used 31 times in the New Testament, appearing in Gospels, Acts, and Epistles. In the Gospels, it often describes literal, urgent flight from physical danger (e.g., Matthew 2:13, Matthew 8:33, Mark 5:14). In the Epistles, especially Paul's writings, it is used metaphorically for avoiding sin and false teaching (e.g., 1 Corinthians 6:18, 1 Timothy 6:11, 2 Timothy 2:22). The word consistently conveys a sense of decisive, immediate action to remove oneself from a threat.

Etymology

Derived from the ancient Greek root φευγ-, meaning 'to flee' or 'to put to flight.' It is a primary verb with a long history in Greek literature, retaining its core sense of rapid departure from danger. Cognates appear in other Indo-European languages related to the concept of fear and flight.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures the biblical call for both physical preservation (Matthew 10:23) and spiritual vigilance. It underscores the Christian's active responsibility to flee from sin and judgment (1 Corinthians 6:18, Hebrews 6:18) and to pursue righteousness instead (1 Timothy 6:11, 2 Timothy 2:22). Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the urgency and intentionality required in separating from evil and clinging to God.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, fleeing was a common and often necessary response to military invasion, natural disaster, or persecution, as there were few organized safety nets. The action carried no inherent shame if the threat was overwhelming. This context helps modern readers understand the practical instructions given by Jesus (Matthew 24:16) and the vividness of the metaphor when applied to spiritual dangers.

ἀποδιδράσκω (apodidraskō, G668) — emphasizes a secret or stealthy escape; καταφεύγω (katapheygō, G2703) — means to flee for refuge, often to a person or place for safety.

Word Details

Scripture References