φλόξ

a flame

Definition

The Greek word φλόξ (phlox) refers to a flame or blaze of fire. In the New Testament, it consistently describes literal, visible fire, often with a sense of intensity and brightness. For example, it describes the flames of a burning bush in Acts 7:30 and the flames of torment in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus (Luke 16:24). In other passages, it depicts the brilliant, fiery appearance of divine beings, such as the eyes of the risen Christ being 'like a flame of fire' (Revelation 1:14; 19:12) or the angels as 'a flame of fire' (Hebrews 1:7). It is also used for the flames of divine judgment in 2 Thessalonians 1:8.

Biblical Usage

φλόξ is used seven times in the New Testament, appearing in narrative (Acts 7:30), parable (Luke 16:24), doctrinal exposition (Hebrews 1:7; 2 Thessalonians 1:8), and apocalyptic vision (Revelation 1:14; 2:18; 19:12). Its usage consistently conveys a tangible, often supernatural or divine, fiery phenomenon. In Luke and Acts, it describes earthly flames (of torment and a bush), while in Hebrews, 2 Thessalonians, and Revelation, it is applied to the celestial and judicial aspects of God's presence and action.

Etymology

Derived from the ancient Greek verb φλέγω (phlegō), meaning 'to burn' or 'to blaze.' It is a primary noun for flame. Cognates in English include words like 'phlegm' (originally thought to be a fiery bodily humor) and 'phlogiston' (a historical term for a supposed fire element). The word's meaning remained stable, denoting a visible, burning flame.

Semantic Range

φλόξ is theologically significant as it connects fire with God's nature and actions. It portrays fire as an instrument of divine revelation (the burning bush in Acts 7:30, the glorified Christ in Revelation), purification, and judgment (2 Thessalonians 1:8, Luke 16:24). The imagery enriches our understanding of God as a consuming fire (Hebrews 12:29) who is both awe-inspiring in holiness and just in retribution. Seeing the same word used for torment, angelic beings, and Christ's eyes deepens the symbolic link between fire and God's penetrating, holy, and powerful presence.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, fire was a fundamental and potent symbol. It represented divine presence (e.g., in altar sacrifices), purification, destruction, and illumination. The biblical use of φλόξ taps into this universal understanding but directs it specifically toward the God of Israel and Christ. The flame of a lamp or torch was also a common source of light, making the description of Christ's eyes as 'flames of fire' (Revelation 1:14) a powerful metaphor for piercing insight and judgment that would be immediately understood.

πῦρ (pyr, G4442) — A broader term for fire in general, of which φλόξ is a specific, visible manifestation (the flame). φλόξ emphasizes the blazing, luminous aspect.

Word Details

Scripture References