φράζω

I declare, explain, interpret

Definition

The verb φράζω (phrazō) means to explain, interpret, or make something clear by declaring it. In the New Testament, it is used specifically for the act of explaining or interpreting a parable or a difficult saying. In Matthew 13:36, the disciples ask Jesus to 'explain' (φράζω) the parable of the weeds in the field, and in Matthew 15:15, Peter asks Him to 'explain' (φράζω) the parable about what defiles a person. In both instances, the word carries the sense of providing a clear, authoritative interpretation of a symbolic teaching.

Biblical Usage

φράζω is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in the Gospel of Matthew (13:36; 15:15). In both occurrences, it is used by the disciples when they request Jesus to interpret a parable for them. The pattern shows it is a term for seeking and providing an authoritative explanation of a figurative or obscure teaching, specifically within a teacher-disciple dialogue context.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek root φρα-, related to speaking or declaring. It is cognate with words like φρήν (phrēn, 'mind') and φράσις (phrasis, 'speech, phrase'), suggesting a connection to expressing the contents of the mind. The meaning developed from a general sense of 'telling' or 'declaring' to the more specific sense of 'explaining' or 'interpreting' something unclear.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights the role of Jesus as the ultimate interpreter of divine revelation. The disciples' requests underscore that the meaning of Jesus's parables was not always immediately obvious and required His authoritative explanation. Understanding φράζω enriches reading by emphasizing that true spiritual understanding often comes from seeking and receiving Christ's own interpretation of His word.

In the Greco-Roman world, teachers and philosophers often used stories, riddles, or allegories that required explanation. A student's request for an interpretation (φράζω) was a standard part of the learning process, showing engagement and a desire for deeper understanding. Jesus's use of parables fits this pedagogical model, but with the unique authority of revealing the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven.

ἑρμηνεύω (hermēneuō, G2059) — focuses more on translation or detailed interpretation, often of languages or texts. διηγέομαι (diēgeomai, G1334) — means to narrate or describe in detail, not specifically to interpret something obscure. μηνύω (mēnyō, G3377) — means to disclose or reveal information, often secretly, rather than to explain.

Word Details

Scripture References