πορισμός

a source of gain

Definition

The Greek word πορισμός refers to a means of acquiring gain, profit, or a source of livelihood. In the New Testament, it carries a neutral sense of 'a way to make a living' but is used specifically in a negative context to describe a corrupt mindset. In 1 Timothy 6:5, it describes those who imagine that 'godliness is a means of gain' (πορισμός), implying they treat religion as a tool for financial profit. Conversely, 1 Timothy 6:6 provides the corrective: 'But godliness with contentment is great gain,' using a different Greek word for 'gain' (ἀρπαγμός), contrasting true spiritual wealth with the false pursuit of material πορισμός.

Biblical Usage

Πορισμός is used only twice in the New Testament, both in 1 Timothy 6:5-6. Its usage is exclusively negative, critiquing a specific attitude. It describes a distorted perspective where spiritual devotion is seen instrumentally, as a business or a method for securing material wealth. This pattern highlights a warning against mercenary motives in religious practice.

Etymology

Derived from the verb πορίζω (porizō, G4160), meaning 'to procure,' 'to supply,' or 'to provide for oneself.' The noun πορισμός fundamentally means 'a procuring,' 'a providing,' or 'a means of acquiring.' It is related to the idea of resourcefulness in securing an income or livelihood.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it addresses the critical issue of motive in the Christian life. It warns against the heresy of treating faith as a transaction for earthly benefit, a concept sometimes called 'the prosperity gospel' in modern terms. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of 1 Timothy 6 by sharpening the contrast between pursuing godliness for its own sake (which brings true gain) versus pursuing it as a calculated strategy for material πορισμός.

In the Greco-Roman world, certain traveling philosophers and religious teachers were known to charge fees or seek patronage, potentially blurring the lines between sincere instruction and financial opportunism. Paul's use of πορισμός in 1 Timothy likely critiques this cultural phenomenon, instructing Timothy and the church to reject any teaching that commercializes spiritual truth.

κέρδος (kerdos, G2771) — general profit or advantage, can be used positively or negatively; ὠφέλεια (ōpheleia, G5622) — benefit, usefulness, often in a more general or helpful sense.

Word Details

Scripture References