σιτευτός

fattened

Definition

The adjective σιτευτός specifically describes an animal that has been deliberately fattened for a special occasion, particularly for a feast. It carries the sense of being specially prepared, choice, and ready for slaughter and consumption. In the New Testament, its entire usage is found in the Parable of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15:23, 27, 30), where it modifies the 'calf' that the father orders to be killed for a celebratory feast upon his son's return. The word emphasizes the quality and significance of the sacrifice being made for the celebration.

Biblical Usage

This word is used exclusively in the Gospel of Luke, within the Parable of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15:23, 15:27, 15:30). It is used three times, always modifying 'calf' (μόσχος). Its usage is entirely consistent, describing the specially prepared animal that symbolizes the father's extravagant joy and the lavish celebration for the son's return. The repetition of the term underscores the deliberate and costly nature of the father's welcome.

Etymology

Σιτευτός is derived from the verb σιτεύω, which means 'to feed' or 'to fatten' (from σῖτος, meaning 'grain' or 'food'). It is a verbal adjective meaning 'having been fattened.' The root emphasizes the process of feeding with grain to bring an animal to a prime, desirable condition for a meal, indicating intentional preparation rather than a natural state.

Semantic Range

In its sole biblical context, this word is theologically significant. The 'fattened calf' is not merely a detail but a powerful symbol of God's abundant grace and joyful celebration over the repentance of a sinner (Luke 15:7, 10). Understanding that this calf was specially prepared and reserved for a great occasion enriches the parable, highlighting the Father's premeditated love, the cost of reconciliation, and the supreme value placed on the returning believer. It contrasts the father's generous grace with the older brother's resentful, transactional view of relationship (Luke 15:29-30).

In the ancient Near Eastern context, livestock was a primary measure of wealth. A fattened calf represented a significant financial asset and was typically reserved for a major communal celebration, such as a wedding, the visit of a dignitary, or a religious festival. Killing such an animal was an act of extraordinary hospitality and joy, signaling that the event was of the highest importance. This cultural understanding makes the father's action in the parable an unmistakable signal of extravagant, public celebration.

πίων (piōn, G4095) — describes something naturally fat or rich; lacks the sense of deliberate preparation for an event. λιπαρός (liparos, G3045) — means 'oily' or 'rich,' often used figuratively for prosperity; not specifically for animals prepared for feasting.

Word Details

Scripture References