συγκοινωνέω

I have fellowship with

Definition

The verb συγκοινωνέω means to share in something with someone else, either in a positive or negative sense. It can denote active participation in a shared experience, such as partnership in ministry (Philippians 4:14). It also carries the sense of being an accomplice or sharing responsibility in sinful deeds, as in having fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness (Ephesians 5:11). In Revelation 18:4, it warns against sharing in the sins and plagues of Babylon, emphasizing complicity in a corrupt system.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only three times in the New Testament, each highlighting a different aspect of shared participation. In Philippians 4:14, it describes the positive, financial partnership of the Philippian church in Paul's ministry. In Ephesians 5:11, it is used negatively, commanding believers not to be 'partakers with' (or accomplices in) the unfruitful works of darkness. Revelation 18:4 uses it in a prophetic warning to God's people to come out of Babylon 'lest you share in her sins,' again stressing the danger of complicity.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with') and the verb κοινωνέω (koinōneō, meaning 'to share, have fellowship'). Κοινωνέω itself comes from κοινός (koinos, 'common'). Thus, συγκοινωνέω intensifies the idea of joint participation or fellowship, emphasizing a shared, common experience.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it underscores the biblical principle of responsibility in community. It teaches that fellowship is not neutral; one either shares in righteousness or in sin. It enriches the reading of passages like Ephesians 5:11 by showing that avoiding evil is not merely passive non-participation but an active refusal to be an accomplice. It also highlights the positive, tangible nature of Christian partnership in the gospel mission.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of κοινωνία (fellowship, partnership) was central to social and commercial relationships, implying binding mutual obligations. Συγκοινωνέω carries this weight, implying a deep, active involvement. The negative usage warns against the cultural pressure to participate in societal sins, such as idolatrous trade practices (Revelation 18) or immoral customs (Ephesians 5).

κοινωνέω (koinōneō, G2841) — a broader term for sharing or fellowship, without the intensive 'with' prefix. μετέχω (metechō, G3348) — to partake of or share in something, often more focused on receiving a share. κοινωνός (koinōnos, G2844) — a noun meaning partner, sharer, participant.

Word Details

Scripture References