συναθλέω

I compete together with others

Definition

Sunaθleō (συναθλέω) means to strive or contend together with someone, like teammates in an athletic contest. It conveys the idea of partnering in a shared struggle, working side-by-side toward a common goal. In Philippians 1:27, Paul uses it to urge believers to 'strive together' for the faith of the gospel, emphasizing unity in spiritual conflict. In Philippians 4:3, he asks for help for two women who have 'labored side by side' with him in the gospel, highlighting cooperative effort in ministry.

Biblical Usage

This verb appears only twice in the New Testament, both in Paul's letter to the Philippians. It describes collaborative effort within the Christian community. In Philippians 1:27, it refers to the congregation's unified stand against opposition. In Philippians 4:3, it describes specific individuals (Euodia and Syntyche) who partnered with Paul in gospel work. The pattern shows it applies to both group solidarity and personal ministry partnerships.

Etymology

Derived from σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and ἀθλέω (athleō, meaning 'to contend' or 'to struggle,' as in an athletic contest). The root athleō gives us the English word 'athlete.' Thus, the compound word literally means 'to struggle together' or 'to compete as a team,' picturing a shared, vigorous effort.

Semantic Range

This word enriches the biblical theme of Christian partnership and unity in mission. It moves beyond mere cooperation to depict a shared, strenuous endeavor for the gospel, reflecting the New Testament's 'body of Christ' imagery. Understanding this Greek term highlights that faithful Christian living is not a solo endeavor but a communal struggle, encouraging believers to actively support one another in spiritual battles and ministry work.

In the Greco-Roman world, athletic competitions (like the Olympic Games) were a major part of culture. The imagery of 'striving together' would evoke the picture of teammates or fellow athletes training and competing in unison for a prize. This contrasts with a modern individualistic mindset, underscoring the ancient value of collective effort and honor in a shared goal.

συνεργέω (synergeō, G4903) — emphasizes working together as co-workers, often in a more general sense. κοπιάω (kopiaō, G2872) — means to labor or toil, often with a focus on weariness, but lacks the 'together' prefix. ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnizomai, G75) — means to struggle or fight, like an athlete, but is not inherently collaborative.

Word Details

Scripture References