συσπαράσσω

I throw violently on the ground

Definition

The verb συσπαράσσω (sysparassō) means to convulse, tear, or throw down violently. In its sole New Testament occurrence, it describes the violent convulsions of a demon-possessed boy, where the demon 'throws him down' and 'convulses him' (Luke 9:42). This action is not a simple fall but a severe, traumatic physical seizure, emphasizing the destructive power of the unclean spirit. The prefix 'συν-' (with/together) may intensify the action, suggesting a wrenching or tearing convulsion.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Luke 9:42. It occurs in the narrative of Jesus healing a demon-possessed boy. The context is a dramatic exorcism, where the demon causes a final, violent convulsion as it is being cast out. The usage highlights the intense struggle and the tangible, physical harm inflicted by the demonic presence before its defeat by Jesus's authority.

Etymology

Derived from σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and σπαράσσω (sparassō, G4682, meaning 'to tear, rend, or convulse'). Σπαράσσω itself is used in the New Testament for violent actions, like the tearing of the temple veil (Matthew 27:51). Thus, συσπαράσσω intensifies the root meaning, conveying a violent, convulsive tearing or throwing down.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it vividly portrays the destructive reality of demonic oppression. The violent convulsion underscores that spiritual warfare has tangible, physical consequences. Jesus's immediate healing demonstrates his supreme authority over the spiritual forces of evil, a key theme in Luke's Gospel. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by clarifying the severity of the boy's condition and the magnitude of Christ's power and compassion in restoration.

In the first-century Greco-Roman world, illnesses, especially seizures, were often attributed to supernatural causes like demons or divine punishment. Luke, a physician, uses this specific, intense medical term, which would resonate with both Greek and Jewish readers familiar with such phenomena. It accurately describes a recognized symptom of severe possession, distinguishing it from ordinary illness.

σπαράσσω (sparassō, G4682) — a more general term for tearing or convulsing, without the intensive prefix. ῥήγνυμι (rhēgnymi, G4486) — to break or burst, often used for a demon's violent exit. σείω (seiō, G4579) — to shake or agitate, but less violent than convulsing.

Word Details

Scripture References