יִרְאָה

fear (also used as infinitive); morally, reverence

Definition

Yirʼâh is the Hebrew noun for 'fear,' but its meaning in the Bible is nuanced. In its most basic sense, it describes the emotion of terror or dread, as when Abraham feared for his life in a foreign land (Genesis 20:11). More significantly, it often denotes 'reverence' or 'awe,' specifically toward God. This is the 'fear of the LORD' that is the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10), a respectful, worshipful attitude that leads to obedience, as encouraged in Exodus 20:20. In some grammatical constructions, it can function as an infinitive, 'to fear.'

Biblical Usage

The word is used 42 times across various genres, including narrative, law, wisdom, and prophecy. It frequently appears in contexts instructing or describing a proper relationship with God, such as in Deuteronomy's exhortations (e.g., Deuteronomy 2:25) and the reforms of kings like Jehoshaphat (2 Chronicles 19:9). It also describes the dread inspired by God's people in their enemies (Deuteronomy 2:25) and can refer to the fear of human authorities, as in Nehemiah's rebuke of officials (Nehemiah 5:9, 15).

Etymology

Yirʼâh is a feminine noun derived directly from the root יָרֵא (yārēʾ, H3373), which is a verb meaning 'to fear, to revere.' It is part of a common Semitic root conveying the concepts of fear and awe. The noun form specifically captures the state or object of that fear, whether it is a terrifying event or the profound reverence due to God.

Semantic Range

This word is central to the biblical concept of the 'fear of the LORD,' which is not a paralyzing terror but a foundational, covenantal reverence that combines awe, love, trust, and obedience. It is presented as the proper response to God's holiness and power (Isaiah 8:13) and is the starting point for true knowledge and wisdom (Proverbs 1:7). Understanding this Hebrew term enriches reading by clarifying that biblical 'fear' is often about worshipful submission, not mere fright.

In ancient Israelite culture, 'fear' (yirʼâh) toward a superior—whether God, king, or parent—encompassed deep respect, loyalty, and a recognition of their authority. The 'fear of God' was the cornerstone of social and religious life, intimately connected to keeping the covenant and the Torah. This holistic view of reverent fear is more comprehensive than the modern English word, which primarily connotes anxiety or fright.

pachad (H6343) — often a more sudden, alarming terror or dread. ʾêmâh (H367) — emphasizes terror or fright, often in a more concrete, overwhelming sense. môrâʾ (H4172) — a rarer synonym for fear or dread, sometimes used in parallel with yirʼâh.

Word Details

Scripture References