ὑπογραμμός

a writing-copy, an example

Definition

The Greek word ὑπογραμμός (ypogrammos) literally means a writing-copy, such as a model of letters that a student would trace over to learn to write. In its only New Testament occurrence, 1 Peter 2:21, it is used metaphorically to mean an example or pattern to follow. Here, Christ's suffering is presented as the definitive 'copy' or model for Christian conduct, providing a clear template for believers to imitate in their own lives, especially when facing unjust treatment.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 1 Peter 2:21. It appears in the context of Christian submission to authorities and enduring suffering unjustly. The apostle Peter writes that Christ left believers an 'example' (ὑπογραμμός) so that they might 'follow in his steps.' The usage is entirely metaphorical, applying the concept of a learning model to ethical and spiritual imitation of Jesus.

Etymology

Derived from the verb ὑπογράφω (hypographō), meaning 'to write under' or 'to trace over.' It combines ὑπό (hypo, 'under') and γράφω (graphō, 'to write'). The noun thus refers to a pattern or copy placed underneath a piece of paper for a student to trace, a common educational tool in the ancient world. This concrete image evolved to signify any kind of model or example to be imitated.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it directly connects the doctrine of Christ's atoning suffering (1 Peter 2:24) to the practical Christian life of discipleship. It teaches that Jesus' response to injustice is not just a historical event but a prescribed pattern for believer behavior. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting that following Christ is an active process of tracing over the 'model' He provided, making our lives conform to His example.

In the Greco-Roman world, a ὑπογραμμός was a familiar educational tool. Teachers or scribes would write letters or sentences in perfect form, and students would place a thin sheet of papyrus over it and trace the characters to learn penmanship. Peter's audience would have immediately understood this as a call to careful, precise imitation, not just general inspiration. The modern concept of 'example' can be more abstract, but the ancient term implies a direct, line-by-line copying.

τύπος (typos, G5179) — a stamp, impression, or model; often a broader example or type. παράδειγμα (paradeigma, G5262) — an example, pattern, or sample for warning or imitation.

Word Details

Scripture References