Ζεβεδαῖος

Zebedee

Definition

Ζεβεδαῖος (Zebedee) is the name of the father of the apostles James and John, who were known as the 'sons of Zebedee' (Matthew 4:21, Mark 1:19). He is consistently identified in the Gospels by his relationship to his sons, who were prominent disciples of Jesus. Zebedee is depicted as a fisherman working on the Sea of Galilee, from whose boat his sons were called by Jesus (Matthew 4:21-22). His wife, Salome, is also mentioned as a follower of Jesus who witnessed the crucifixion (Matthew 27:56, cf. Mark 15:40).

Biblical Usage

The name Ζεβεδαῖος is used exclusively in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, appearing 11 times. It is used primarily to identify the apostles James and John by their paternal lineage, as in 'James the son of Zebedee and John his brother' (Matthew 10:2). The usage establishes their family and occupational background as fishermen (Mark 1:20) and serves to distinguish this James from others. It also appears in the context of their mother, Salome, making a request on their behalf (Matthew 20:20).

Etymology

Ζεβεδαῖος is a Greek transliteration of a Hebrew or Aramaic name. Its exact origin is uncertain, but it is likely derived from the Hebrew root זבד (zbd), meaning 'to give' or 'gift,' possibly related to the name Zebadiah ('Yahweh has given'). The Greek form follows the common pattern of Hellenizing Semitic names by adding the Greek masculine ending -αῖος.

Semantic Range

While the name itself is not theologically loaded, Zebedee's role is significant for understanding discipleship. His sons' immediate abandonment of their father and the family fishing business to follow Jesus (Matthew 4:22) illustrates the radical cost and priority of Christ's call. The family unit—Zebedee, his wife Salome, and their sons—represents one of the several family groups who followed Jesus, highlighting how the gospel call can impact and redefine family relationships and vocations.

As a fisherman on the Sea of Galilee, Zebedee was part of a skilled trade that was economically significant in the region. The mention that he had 'hired servants' (Mark 1:20) suggests his family business was successful enough to employ others, placing them in a comfortable, though not elite, social position. His sons leaving him in the boat underscores the cultural weight of honoring one's father and maintaining the family trade, making their departure a dramatic act.

No direct synonyms. The name serves as a unique identifier.

Word Details

Scripture References