ζώνη

a girdle, belt, purse

Definition

A ζώνη (zōnē) primarily refers to a belt or girdle worn around the waist, typically made of leather or cloth. In the New Testament, it most often denotes this common article of clothing, as seen in the descriptions of John the Baptist's attire (Matthew 3:4, Mark 1:6) and the angelic figure in Revelation 1:13. By extension, because money or valuables were often kept in a fold of this belt, the word can also mean 'purse' or 'money belt,' as in Jesus's instructions to the disciples not to carry one (Matthew 10:9, Mark 6:8). In Acts 21:11, the prophet Agabus uses Paul's own ζώνη as a prophetic symbol of being bound.

Biblical Usage

The word is used in various contexts across Gospels, Acts, and Revelation. In the Gospels, it describes practical clothing (Matthew 3:4, Mark 1:6) and a item not to be taken on missionary journeys (Matthew 10:9, Mark 6:8). In Acts 21:11, it is used symbolically in a prophetic act. In Revelation, it describes the attire of majestic, divine figures—Christ (Revelation 1:13) and angels (Revelation 15:6)—elevating its imagery from the mundane to the glorious.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek verb ζώννυμι (zōnnymi, G2224), meaning 'to gird' or 'to fasten around.' The noun ζώνη directly refers to the item used for girding. This root is shared with words related to preparation and readiness, as girding up one's loins was a step for work or travel.

Semantic Range

The ζώνη carries significant theological symbolism, especially in Revelation, where it adorns Christ and angels, representing divine authority, preparedness, and purity (Revelation 1:13, 15:6). Its use in Acts 21:11 transforms a common object into a prophetic sign of Paul's impending binding. Understanding this word enriches reading by highlighting how an everyday item can symbolize spiritual readiness (Ephesians 6:14 alludes to the 'belt of truth') and divine majesty.

In the 1st-century Greco-Roman world, a ζώνη was an essential part of dress for men and women, used to secure the tunic at the waist for freedom of movement in labor or travel. It often functioned as a pocket or purse, holding small items or money. This practical, multi-purpose nature differs from modern belts, which are primarily decorative or for holding up trousers.

περίζωμα (perizōma, G4022) — a loincloth or garment girded around the loins. ἱμάς (himas, G2438) — a strap or thong, often for sandals, but can imply a leather band.

Word Details

Scripture References