Chiun
Notwithstanding the fact that both Luther and our AV have this word, it has con- tinued, even to our own lime, to be an open question among English and German sciiojars whether ]V2 is a common or a proper noun. If it were the former, it would signify the litter or pedestal on which the image of a deity was carried in cere- monial processions [see illustrations in Perrot and Chipiez's Chaldtca and Assyria, i. 75, ii. 90].
Ewald maintained this view : ' |V3, gestelle, von l'3n stellen mit dem • als zweitem Wurzellaute.' W. R. Smith, too, held that a ' pedestal ' was meant (Prijphets of Israel, p. 40U). The balance of opinion however, prej)onderates in the other direction. Chiun is obviously parallel to Siccuih (RV), or rather Saccuth (Assyr. Sak-kut): if the one is the name of a deity, so is the other. Moreover, it would be verj' strange if the prophet spoke of the litter rather than of the god carried on it.
Ka-ai-va-nu (Schrader, KA T p. 443 ;* cf. SK 1874, p. 327) is the Assyr. name of the planet and planetary deity Saturn, who was credited with malignant influences. In Arab, and Persian, Saturn is called by the same name. Rawliiison, 1 luenicia, p. 26, speaking of the immigration of I'bceniciaii gods into tiie Egyptian pantlieon, .says that this deity found his way there under the name Ken. The appositional phrase, 'your star-god,' falls in perfectly with this interpretation.
'The evidence of the VSS is discordant. Acj. and Sym. have x^"^'" [.Jer. says c/tujn]. The LX\ 'Vai(p6.v, a corruption of Ka.i<pav. The Tar" and Pesh. reproduce the Heb. The Arab, has Rapliana ; Vulg. inuiginem. With regard to the sense of the only passage.
Am 5**, where this deity is spoken of, there can be no doubt that it is a threat : ' But ye shall take up Sakkuth j'our king, and Kaivftn [or Kevftn] your star-god, your ima'-es which ye have made for yourselves, and I will cause you to go into exile.' Wellhausen, Die Kl. I'rii]ih. p. 83, argues th.at this threat must be a later addition, seeing that the Israelites of Amos' day were not chargeable with the worship of Assyr. gods. The/or»i of the word has struck many students as anomalous.
An ingenious explanation has recently been advanced. Alter adverting to the fact that its vocalisation is the same as that of Siccuth [nssp, jv;]. Dr. C C. Torrey says : ' It seems to me pretty certain that for the form of these two names in our present text we are indebted to the misplaced wit or zeal of the Ma.s.soretcs. It is the famili.ar trick of fitting the pointing of one word to the consonant skeleton * Schroder, in the obovo-cltod po.
s80ge, states that Sokknt i:i another name for Ailar or Adrammelech, and thot as A-tar = Father of Fate, so Sak.knt = Head of Decision, both wortls b«ijig of AccodiAn-Sumerion orifln. 381 CHLOE CHRISTIAN of another, as in nThc'y, T,hb, nch, and so on. In this case the pointing is taken from the word (•!??• shiqquf, "abomination."' J. TavLOR. CHLOE (XXiTj), mentioned only in 1 Co 1".— St. Paul had been informed of the ((rx'^Mara) dissen- sions at Corinth uir6 Tuf SXotjs, i.e. prob.
by some of her Christian slaves. Chloe herself may have been either a Christian or a heathen, and may have lived either at Corinth or at Ephesus. In favour of the latter is St. Paul's usual tact, which would not suggest the invidious mention of his inform- ants' names, if they were members of the Corinth- ian Church. A. Robertson. CHOBA (XujSd), Jth 4*. Chobai (Xw^ai), Jth 15«- », noticed with Damascus. — Perhaps the land of hooan.