Commerce (Hastings' Dictionary)

See Trade. COMMON 1. Following the Gr. {Koip6t), c. is used in NT in two chief senses. 1. That is 'c' which is shared by all, aa Ac 2" 4'^ ' they had all things c.' ; Tit 1* 'Titus, mine own son after the c. faith'; Jude' "the common salvation.' 2.

That which is common to all is distinguished from that which is peculiar to the few ; whence the applica- tion to the religious practices of the heathen in contrast with those of the Jews ; or of the ordinary people, 'the people of the land' (]";Nn os;), in con- trast with those of the Pharisees — i.e. ceremonially unclean. Thus Ac 10'*- "> ' But Peter said. Not so, Lord ; for I have never eaten anjrthing that is c. or unclean.

And the voice spake unto him again tho second time, What God hath cleansed [iKaffipure), that call not thou c' {<rv /iri Kolfov, RV ' make not thou c.') In this sense c. is twice (1 S 21°) the tr. of Heb. hdl (never tr" by xoivis however in LXX, but always by /S^/JijXor), elsewhere rendered in AV 'unholy' (Lv 10'") or 'profane' (Ezk 2-2-'« 42» 44-» 48'"' [all]), but by RV alw.iys ' common.' 2. In Lv 4-'' we lind the expression ' the c. people.' The Heb. (pijn Ci', 'am hA'Arez) is lit.

' the people of the land,' and is so tr'' Gn 23' (where it describes the Hittites), 2 K ll'""' IG" 21-''', Jer !'», Ezk 7-^ The phrase was cliosen by the Pharisees to describe the people dwelling in the Holy Land who were not tjaberim. See under Piiauisees, and consult the foil, literature on the subject — LiTKRATURK. — Schiirer, IIJP ii. ii. 8. 22 ff. ; Euenen, Rel. of Inr. iii. 251 ; liraetz, Uiet. qf Jews ii. 152, 367. iii. 114 ; Eders- heim, Jesua the Messiah i.

85, 230 ; Chwolson, Das tetzts Piumhmahl Chrisli p. 73 n ; Monteflore, IliU/. beet. 497 fl. ; Friedliinder, Znr Entstehuwjsgesch. ties C'hristenthums, ch. L 3. For 'common hall' Mt 27" see PR,eTOKIUM. In Ac 5'", ' the c. prison,' c. is used in the old sense of public. This is after Wyclif, who tr. Vulg. in custodia puhlica, ' in coraun kepyng' (1388 'in the comyn warde'). Cf. Eng. Gilds (14G7), .

391, 'That no citezen be putt in comyn prisone, hut in one of tlie chambers of the halle benelhforth ' ; Cover- dale's tr. of .\c 17-^ ' Paul stode on the myddes of the comon idace ' ; Latimer's Scrm. p. 320. ' I told you tho diversity of prayer, namely, of the coininon prayer, and the private'; and 'the Book of Common Prayer.' See Prison. J. Hastings. RV gives '0. and andean,' readinf^ «m«» imJ i>ui0xpTct with edii., instead of Tit jk.

;i ««, Nevertheless xatut and «x<i(/«pT»; linvc the same meaning. The classical piLs.sage is Mk 7, MiiccJV TVir/, rovr' trrit At.wToic, 'with dellle<i (AVni, RVin ' conimon '), that is, unwashen, hanils.' With which cf. vv.'H. li>, where Je>JM» says, 'whatsoever from without goeth into tho man, it cannot dcllle him' (aCrtt ««t,vr«i, lit. 'make him c.'): and St. Mark adds the comment, [this he said], making all meats clean ' (futSafiiZf*). See Page on Ac 10^4. ^60 COMMUNE COMMUNION