Set (Hastings' Dictionary)

The Eng. verb to 'set' is properly a causative form of ' sit,' bat it has been confused with 'sit' (partly through spelling both 'set'), and, like other monosyl. verns, has come to be used very freely. 1. Observe the foil. pas.sage8 : Gn 30" ' And he set three days' journey betwixt himself and Jacob' (Wye. 'And putte a space of thre daies weye betwixt,' 1388 'settide the space of weie of tlire daies betwixt') ; Ex 19" 'And thoa shalt set bounds unto the people round about' (Wye.

'ordeyn termes,' 1388 ' sette term<'8'; Tind. 'sett marks rounde aboute the peojile'); Ps 73" 'Surely thou didst set them in slipperj places'; Sir 10' ' Such an one setteth his own soul to sale' {t^v iavTov i/'i'x^' fKirpoLKTov irotfi) ; Lk 7 * I als(j am a man set under authority ' (To/raVo-ot) ; He 12' ' the race that is set before ns ' (t6i' irpoKtlfuvor ^liiv i-lCira) ; I'J' ' for the joy that was set before him ' (drri r^5 Tponeifjjyijt airrifi xt^P^t). 2.

To ' lie set ' is sometimes used a« an equivalent for to ' Bit,' like Scot. ' be seated,' as Lk 7" Rhera. ' As she knew that he was set downe in the Pharisees house.' So Dn 7'° 'The judgment was set' (2, x:-^, LXX Kpnripioi' iKdBiffe, Vn]". judicium sedit. Wye.

'the dom -sate'); Sir 38^ 'Who is alway carefully set at his work ' ; Mt 5' ' When h» was set, his disciples came unto him' ; 27" ; Lk 2* ' This child is set for the fall and rising a^ain of many in Israel' (KeiraO ; Jn 13'" 'So after he had washed their feet . . and was set down again ' ; Ph 1" 'I am set for the defence of the gospel' (Ke7ixaL) • He 8' ; Rev 3" ' To him that overcoraeth will I grant to sit (raffdrai) with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down (iK6.8i(ja.)

with my father in his throne.' 3. To set means to arrange in proper order, in 2 Ch 20" ' Set yourselves, stand ye still,' Ps 2 ' The kings of the earth set themselves ' (-ayn'. Driver [Par. Psalt.], 'take their stand'), Ca 5'" ' His eyes are . . fitly set,' Is 3* ' Instead of well set hair, baldness.' Cf. E.\ 25' Tindale, ' Onix stones and sett stones for the Ephod ' ; Chaucer, Duchesse, 828 — 'So had aba Surmounted hem alle of beaute. Of maner and of comlinessc.

Of stature and wel set gladnessa. 4. The sense of ' fix,' ' determine,' arises natur- ally from the original idea of 'cause to stand.' Thus Nell 2" ' It pleased the king to send me ; and I set him a time ; so Gn 17"' ' At this set time in the next year' (cf. 21', Ex 9") ; ' set office' (njiDx), 1 Ch 9»- " ", 2 Ch SI"- " ; and esp. ' set feast ' (as the tr. of n^to, lit. 'appointed time' [of sacred seasons]) Lv IS'"- RV (7 such are enumerated in this ch.), Nu lO'" (RV) 29» al. Cf.

Judgement of the Synode at Dort, p. 4, ' Hee hath chosen in Christ unto salvation a set number of ceitaine men, neither better nor more worthy then others.' 5. The following phrases are mostly bihlical : (1) Set one's hand to, I)t 23=" 'In all that thou settest thine hand to' (RV 'puttest thine hand unto '), 28". Cf. Ac 12' Rhem. • And at the same time Herod the king set his handes, to afflicto certaine of the Church.'

(2) Set one's heart to, Ex 7" 'Neither did he set his heart to this also' (RV 'lay even this to heart,' RVm 'ifeb. set his heart even to this ') ; Dt 'A2^ ' Set your hearts unto all the words which I testify among you this day'; 1 Ch 22'" ' Now set your heart and your soul to seek the Lord your God'; Job 7" ' What is man . , that thou shouldest set thine heart upon him ?

' ; Ps 78' ' A generation that set not their heart aright'; Jer 31" 'Set thine heart toward the highway ' ; Dn 6' ' Then the king ... set hia heart on Daniel to deliver him.' Cf. 1 Ch 29" 'I have set my affection to the house of my God.' (3) Set one's face. This is one of the many Hebraisms in which the face ' plays its part. It has two meanings : (a) Turn toward.

i unth a purpose or resolution, determine, Nu 24' 'Rut he set liis face toward the wilderness ' ; 2 K 12" ' And Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem'; Ezk 21" 'Go thee one way or other . . whitherso- ever thy face is set'; Jer 42" ' If ye wholly set your faces to enter into Egypt,' 42'' ; Lk 9" ' He stedfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem ' (rd Tpdffuvoy irrtipiatr).

(b) To take up an antagonistic position, Lv 17'° ' I will even set my face against that soul that eateth blood,' 20» »• » ; Jer 21'» ' 1' or I have sot my face against this city for evil ' ; Ezk 6' ' Son of man, set thy face toward the mountains of Israel, and prophesy against them,' 13" 15' 20« 21" 25" 28"' 29" 35" 38".

(4) To set eyrs on, Ac 13*, is not as now ' to catch a glimpse of,' but to 'fix one's eyes upon ' : ' Then Saul (who is also called Paul), filled with the Holy Ghost, set his eyes on him ' (irtriaat tit ainir, KV ' fastened his eyes on him '). 470 SET SEVENEII 6.

Tlie verb to ' set' is used with certain adverl)S in a SMiise that is antiquated or Hebraistic: (1) Set at, that is, 'valued at,' 2 K 12^ 'The money that every man is set at' (RV 'the money of the persons for whom each man is rated,' RVm ' Ilcb. eacli man the money of tlie souls of his estima- tion'). Cf. Lv Ti^ Tind. ' Yf any man will geve a eyngoler vowe unto the Lorde acordynge to the value of his soule, then shall the male from xx. yere unto Ix.

be set at fyftie sycles of sjlver ' ; and Shaks. Hamlet, I. iv. C" — ' I do not set my life at a pin's fee.' (2) Set at nought, i.e. despise, treat with contempt or mockery, Pr 1^ 'But ye have set at nought all my counsel," Mk 9", Lk 23", Ac 4" lO'", Ro U'". (3) Set by, i.e. esteem, 2 Mac 4" ' Not setting by the honours of their fathers, but liking the glory of the [Grecians] best of all ' (in oidei/i TiUiij.ei'Oi, RV ' making of no account '). Cf. Ps 15* Pr. BU.

' He that setteth not by hym selfe, but maketh moche of them that fear the Lorde' ; Ridley, Works, 27, 'Lest I should seem to set by mine own conceit, more than is meet'; Babees Book, p. 72— • He that good mannere seemes to Iftck, No wyse man doth set by ; Wythout condicions vertuoiis. Thou art not worth a tlye.' So set much by, 1 S IS™ ' His name was mach set by,' 26="'» : cf. 1 P 3* Tind. ' With a meke and a quyet sprete, wiiich sprete is before God a thinge moche set by.'

So also set little by or set light by, Dt 27" ' Cursed be he that setteth light by his father or his mother'; Ezk 22', Jth 11'^. Cf. Jer 50'- Cov. ' She shall be the least set by amonge the nacions ' ; Tindale, Expos, p. 229, ' Called the least, that is to say, shall be little set by and des])ised : called great, that is to say, shall be mucli set by and had in reverence.' Even set at light is found iu the margin of 2 S 19"^. Cf. Fisher, A S/iiritual Consolation (in Morley's .Eni/. Religion, p.

140), 'Such as we set but at light, full greatly shall be weighed in the presence of his most high Majesty'; Knox, Hist. 49, 'Perchance this hand of Godl will make them now to magnifie and reverence that word which before (for the fear of men) they set at light price.' (i) Set forth. This phrase has various meanings : (a) Begin a journey, Nu 2» ' These shall first set forth' ; Ac 2P 'We went aboard, and set forth' (df^x"'?/^"' . RV 'get sail'). Cf.

Bunyan, Boly War, 68, 'The time, therefore, of his setting forth being now ejipired, he addressed himself for his march'; Melvill, Diary, 172, ' Sa, parting from Berwik, hartlie recommendit to the blessing and grace of God, be manie godlie men and women, and be sum sett and convoyet a guid way on our jorney, wo cam that night to Anweik.' (b) Bring forward or cause to be seen, Ps 141' ' Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense' (psp, LXX KaTtvdm$-iiTti), Vulg.

dirigatur) ; Ezk 27^° ' They hanged the shield and helmet in thee ; they set fortli thy comeliness ' ("03, LXX (buKav); Dn 11"" 'And he shall set forth a great multitude' (Tc^ni) ; Am 8" 'When will tlie new moon be gone, that we may sell corn ? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat? ' (i:-.

nrinr)i, AVm and RVm ' open ') ; Lk 1' ' To set forth in order a declaration of those things' (draTaf- aaSai) ; Ro V' ' Whom God hath set forth to be a projiitiation ' (ii> Trpoidero o Seit, AVm ' foreordained,' RVm ' purposed ') ; 1 Co 4"' For I think that God hath set fortii us the apostles last' {iviSciiev) ; Gal 3' ' Before whose eyes Jesus Christ bath been evidently set forth ' {wpoeypdpri, RV ' was openly set forth ') ; Jude ' ' Even as Sodom and Gomorrha . .

are eet forth for an example' {■rpiKeti'Tai Se'iyij.a). Cf. Pr. Bk. Exhort, to Confession, ' When we assemble and meet together ... to set forth His most worthy praise, to hear Ilia most holy word ' ; Shaks. King John, II. i. 2'J5 — • Up higher to the plain, where we'll set forth 1b best appointment all our regiments.' The same phrase is used technically of placing food before one, Jn 2'° ' Every man at the begin- ning doth set forth good wine ' (TWr)aiv).

(c) Praise, Sir 11 •"="""8 ■ We may not vaunt or set forth our- selves.' Cf. Pr. Bk. i549 (Canticle foil. Te Deum), ' Speak good of the Lord ; praise him, and set him up for ever ' ; and Shaks. Lucrece, 34— ' Beauty itself doth of itself persuade The eyes of men without an orator : What needeth then apolo},'ies he made To set forth that which is so singular?* (5) Set forward. See Forward in vol. il. p. 60. (6) Set on means : [a] Place on table, Gn 43^'- " 'And he washed his face . . and said.

Set on bread'; Bel " 'Set on the meat, and make ready the wine.' (b) Incite or urge to some course of action, Jer 38** ' Thy friends have set thee on, and have prevailed against thee ' (Tn'sn) ; 43' ' But Baruch the son of Neriah setteth thee on against us ' (n'ro). (c) As a ptcp. bent on. Ex 32-^ ' They are set on mischief.' (d) To attack, Ac IS'" ' No man shall set on thee to hurt thee ' (dnSrideTal (roi).

(7) Set to, meaning affix, of a seal, Jn 3^ ' He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true ' (iff,ppdyi.,7(i'). Cf. Ex 21»' Tind. ' Yf he be sette to a summe of money, then he shall geve for the delyveraunce oft' his lyfe, accordyng* to all that is put unto him'; Adams, ]yuiks, i. 18, ' In testimony whereof I have set to my hand, and sent it you as a token of the gratitude of my heart.' (8) Set up, meaning establish, Mai 3'° ' They that work wickedness are set up.'

J. Hastings. SETH [no, i.e. Sheth ; LXX and NT 2^9 [in 1 Ch V A has 2jjs]).— The third sou of Adam, Gn 4^ (J) 5»(P), ICh 1', Lk 3^. In the first of these pits- sages J assigns a characteristic etymology for the name. Eve being made to say ' God hath set [shoth] for me another seed insteaid of Abel,' for which reason she called him Sheth {i.e. ' setting ' or ' slip,' Dillm.) In Sir 49'" Seth is coupled with Shem as 'glorified among men.'

A heretical Jewish sect, whose tenets afterwards found acceptance in Chris- tian Gnostic circles, derived its name from Seth. These Sethians or Sethites held (like other Gnostics, Jemsh and Christian) that the material universe was the creation of angels and not of the supreme Dynamis, to whom Seth owed his birth. Theo- doret (Hccr. Fab. 1. 14) appears to identify thera with the Ophites : Sijffiavoi oOt 'Oipiavous fi 'O^irai Tites (5vo/idi'ou<rt.

Some of the Jewish Sethites believed Seth to have been the Messiah, and later Gnostics held that Jesus Christ was a re-incarnation of Seth. For further information as to this sect and its relations to the Ophites and Cainites (a subject beyond the scope of this art.), see Friedliinder, Der rorchri-stliche judische Gnusticisiiiiis, 189S, p. 18 ft". ; Prenschen, Die apokr. gnost. Adamsrhriften, IHCO, passim; and cf. Epiphanius (ado. J/ar. xxxix.), pseudo-Tertull. (viii.), and Philast. (iii.) J.

A. Selbie. SETHUR (TW?, SofloiJ/)).— The Asherite spy, Nu 1313, 14|_ SETTLE (.T)jn).— See Temple, p. TlOi-n.