Zabad (Hastings' Dictionary)

The word -~\ and others formed from it occur as proper names in Palmyrene and Naba- ttean inscriptions (I.idzbarski, Nordscin. Eiwirdfih. p. 265). Kuller forms are Zebadiaii, ZAlii)n:L = ' my gift is Jehovah ' or ' God.' G. B. Gray {IIPN 222f.) points out that there are in the OT alxiut* 36 persons bearing the name Zabad or names formed from it. Of these, 23 occur in Chron. alone. No more than 3 are mentioned in pre-e.xilic books.

In the case of one of these (and we may add pos- -silily in that of the other two) the text is doubtful, and the original may not have included the ele- ment Zabad. Ho draws the conclusion: 'The historical diaracter, therefore, of persons bearing one of these names and mentioned only by the Clironicler seems to me suspicious.' Cf. Nos. 1. 2. * It is iometimcfl dilllcult to l)e certAin whether the «aiM uarau in difTtireiit paxsotfus rcfera to one or to more pereoni.

Zabad occurs in the OT as the name of the fol- lowing : — 1. One of the links in tlie genealogy of the .ludahite family Jerahmeel, 1 Ch 2*'- (Za^^S) ll'" (B ■La.^iT, A Zo|Sdr). Cf. GENEALOGY, § IV. 12, Shcs)uxn. 1 Ch 2>"> is an appendix to the account of the clans of Jerahmeel, which is closed in v.:W by the subscription ; ' these are the sons of Jerahmeel.'

A doubt has been raised as to the identity of Zabad ben Nathan ben Attai ben Sheshan and Ahlai ('SnN) his wife in 231-37, and Zabad ben Ahlni. one of David's mighty men, In 11". Siefftried-Stade and Oif. Ueb. Lex. regard the former aa a family name, and the latter as an individual. There can be little doubt that the Chronicler in- tended to identify them. The historical value of the sections in which this Zahad is mentioned is uncertain. Kittel iSBO'F) regards 2" -il as one of the latest .

additions to Chronicles ; Kaiitzsch (Bibel), however, refers it to an ancient source ; while Gray (///iV 2:10) says of the section as a whole: 'The char- acter of the thirteen names presents nothiii-,' inconsistent with the (fenealoty- being genuine.' He is, urifoitunately, doubtful about the names in which we are specially interested. 'The only names which appear to me suspicious are n31 (Zabad] and, in a less degree, ny (Attai].' 1 Ch llu»-', a passage peculiar to Chron.

, is the direct continuation of vv.2ft-iu, which =; 2 8 23^39. Possibly, therefore, vv.-Ub-iT are from the same ancient source as the rest of the list, and were accidentally omitted from Samuel (so Kautzsch, Kittel, etc.) The concluding note in 2 S 2339, ■ thirty and seven in nil,' is transposed by LXX, and the nunilicr 37 does not i-orruspond with the list. But Ciray (op. cit. '2'2[l ft".) holds that if vv.-ilb-i? is based on an ancient document, the text is very corrupt. Possibly Zabad b.

Nathan (1 Ch 23«)i8 the same as Zabud b. Nathan, Solomon's priest and 'king's friend' in 1 K 4&. The latter occurs in some texts and versions (see Zabdd, and cf. No. 3) as Zacnr or Zaccfir, so that we might read for Zabad in 1 Ch 233 Zacar, a contraction of the familiar Zechariah. In some scripts of Heb. Zacar (IDI) and Zahad (131) can hardly be distinguished. Cf. Jozacar.

If Zabad is accepted, and 1 Ch 2'^^^^ is regarded as based on some old genealogy setting forth the relations of clans, the apiiarcnt occurrence of Zabad as an Ephraimite clan in 1 Ch 7'*i may indicate that the clan was at one time reckoned to Judah, arcl at another to Ephraim ; or that it wjis ultimately divided be- tween the two tribes. Note also the Elishama in 'i^i and "26. 2. A link in an Ephraimite genealogy, 1 Ch 7" (Zd,?e5), ending apparently in a certain ' Ezer and Elc.

id,' who were slain liy the men of ( iatli. Zabad in MT is tli^j son of Tahatli and the father of Shuthelah. In LXX", however, the genealogy is much shortened, and it is Zaliad who is slain — thus, ' And the sons of Ephraim, Sotlial;ith. The sons of Laada, Noome, his son, Zabad his son : and tlie men of G;ith killed him.' It is pointed out in Shuthelah that Zab:ul (-iz\) here is probably a corruiition of 'ami Bond' (mm) repeated from v.^.* If so, this Zabad disappears.

If, however, Zabad is retained here, cf. No. 1. 3. In 2 Ch 24'^ the name of one of the murderers of Joash is given as Zabad (15 Za.jit\, A Yia^cO), the son of Shiineath the Ammonitess. 2 K 12-' has Jo/.acar. Perhaps we should read here Zarar (Kittel, SHOT); cf. Jozacar.— 4. 5. 6. Three lay- men of the time of Ezra, who had married foreign wives, whom they promised to divorce: («) Ezr 10" of the bene Zattu (B Za^aSd^, NA Za^dJ ; 1 Es 9' 2dj3a9os, cf. Sabatus). (4) Ezr lO" of the benfi lla.

shum (B Za/9A, A Za^dJ ; 1 Es 9*" H ^ajSowaioDt, A IJan/aioDs, cf. Sabanneu.s). (c) Ezr 10" of the bene Nebo (B iliSi/i, A omits both this and the following Zebina ; 1 Es 9'" Za/3aSa(a5, cf. Zaiia- DAIAS). Apparently Zebina is omitted. One of the two, Zal/atl, Zeoina, may be due to accidental repetition. W. H. Bennett. ZABAD^ANS (Zo/3a5aroi).— The name of an Aiab- .So also (JitsBAtoov, VII. 1» 4, ami in Kncj/c. Bibl. Ilogg, art.

'hraim' 12, and Uervcy fpioted by "" ~' ter arrived at this view Independt ntlv. ' Ephraim^' 12, and Uervcy fpioted by Hogs. The present 960 ZABADEAS ZACHARIAH ian tribe defeated by Jonathan (1 Mac 1'2")- The Pesli. form of the name seems to mean Znhnulmatts, i.e. Banu Zubaid, which was the name of a famous AraViian family ; and indeed derivatives from the root Zbd form many proper namus in Arabic and Nabatieaii (the name substituted for Zahada>an liy Jos. Ant. XIII. V.

U), though tlie verb itself in its old sense ' to give ' is not found in Arabic. The name of the tribe defeated by Jonathan is thought to be retained in Zebdnny or Ziiba- dtini, ' a well-known district between Damascus and Baalbek, where the river of Damascus rises' (Yakut, ii. 913). The plain of Zebdany is thus described by Conder, Tent ■ Work in PaUntine, i. 249: 'It 13 flanked on the west by the ragged and ('astellated ridges of the Anti-Lebanon, and on the east by a range of equal height.

The plateau is bare and treeless, except towards the north, where are groves of poplar. Through the centre runs the river, its course marked by green bushes.' The situation of the plain seems to agree with the movements recorded in 1 Mac. exceedingly well. Beth Zabdni, to which allusion is sometimes made in the Rabbinic writings, and which some have connected with this i)lace, has been shown by Kohut {Arufh Complctum, ii. 68) to belong to a difl'erent region. D. S. Mabgoliouth.

ZABADEAS (Za/3a«oias, AV Zabadaias), 1 Es ff«> = Zabad, Ezr 10".