עֲבָרָה

עֲבָרָה

a crossing-place

Definition

The Hebrew noun עֲבָרָה (ʻăbârâh) refers to a crossing-place, specifically a location where one can cross a river or body of water. It denotes a ford or ferry point, a strategic geographical feature in the ancient Near East. In 2 Samuel 15:28, it appears as 'the fords of the wilderness,' a location where David's party waited during Absalom's rebellion. In 2 Samuel 19:18, the same location is simply called 'the crossing-place' (translated as 'the plain' in the KJV margin), where Shimei and others met David upon his return.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the Old Testament, both times in the historical narrative of 2 Samuel. It describes a specific, identifiable geographical location—the crossing-places over the Jordan River near the wilderness. The context is King David's flight from and return to Jerusalem during Absalom's rebellion. The word highlights a point of transition and waiting, marking a liminal space between exile and restoration.

Etymology

Derived from the common Hebrew root עָבַר (ʻābar, H5674), meaning 'to cross over, pass through, or pass by.' This root is fundamental, giving rise to many words related to transition, transgression, and the Hebrew people ('Hebrews' as 'those who cross over'). עֲבָרָה is a feminine noun form indicating the place or means where the action of crossing occurs.

Semantic Range

While a simple geographical term, its use in 2 Samuel is theologically significant. The 'crossing-place' on the Jordan becomes a site of divine providence and royal transition. David waits there for news (2 Samuel 15:28), and there he is met with repentance and reconciliation upon his return (2 Samuel 19:18-20). It echoes other great biblical crossings (e.g., the Jordan by Joshua and Israel) as a place where God's purposes are worked out during a critical passage. In the ancient world, fords and crossing-places were vital for travel, trade, and military strategy. Controlling a crossing-point meant controlling movement and access. They were natural gathering points and often became sites of significant encounters, as seen with David. Unlike modern bridges, these were seasonal and vulnerable to flooding, making them points of both opportunity and danger. מַעְבָּרָה (maʻbārâh, H4569) — A more common term for ford or pass, used for both river crossings and mountain passes (e.g., Genesis 32:22).

Word Details