Bible Word Study
חֲמוֹר
Chămôwr · Chamor, a Canaanite
חֲמוֹר
Chamor, a Canaanite
Definition
Chamor (חֲמוֹר) is a proper noun referring to a specific Canaanite individual, the father of Shechem. He is a key figure in the story of Dinah in Genesis 34, where he is identified as the ruler of the city of Shechem. The name itself means 'donkey,' derived from the common noun, but in this context, it functions solely as a personal name. All biblical occurrences refer to this same person, with no other meanings or senses.
Biblical Usage
This proper noun is used exclusively in Genesis 34, detailing the events surrounding the violation of Jacob's daughter Dinah by Shechem, son of Chamor. The usage is narrative, depicting Chamor as a local Hivite leader who negotiates with Jacob's sons for intermarriage (Genesis 34:6, 34:8). The pattern shows him acting in a diplomatic, though ultimately doomed, role in the conflict between his family and the sons of Israel.
Etymology
The name Chamor is identical to the common Hebrew noun חֲמוֹר (H2543), meaning 'donkey,' a common beast of burden. As a personal name, it follows a common ancient Near Eastern practice of using animal names, which may have conveyed attributes like strength or reliability. There is no evidence the meaning of the animal directly influenced the narrative about the person.
Semantic Range
Chamor's story is theologically significant as it highlights themes of covenant separation, deception, and justice. His family's proposal for intermarriage and integration (Genesis 34:9-10, 34:21) presents a direct threat to the distinct identity of the covenant family of Jacob. The violent response of Simeon and Levi, though condemned by Jacob (Genesis 34:30, 49:5-7), underscores the serious consequences of compromising with Canaanite culture and religion, reinforcing the theme of maintaining holiness and distinct identity. Using 'donkey' as a personal name was not pejorative in ancient Canaanite and Hebrew culture; it reflected a practical, valued animal. As a city ruler ('prince of the land' in Genesis 34:2), Chamor represents the established, sedentary Canaanite population, contrasting with the pastoral, semi-nomadic Hebrews. His diplomatic negotiations for marriage and property (Genesis 33:19, 34:8-10) illustrate typical ancient socio-political methods of forming alliances through kinship. No direct synonyms as a proper noun. The common noun source is: חֲמוֹר (chămôwr, H2543) — the animal, a donkey or ass.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]