Bible Word Study
חֶצְרוֹ
Chetsrôw · Chetsro, an Israelite
חֶצְרוֹ
Chetsro, an Israelite
Definition
Chetsro (חֶצְרוֹ) is a proper noun referring to an Israelite warrior, specifically one of King David's mighty men. He is listed in two parallel accounts: as 'Hezro the Carmelite' in 2 Samuel 23:35 and as 'Hezrai the Carmelite' in 1 Chronicles 11:37. The variation in spelling (Chetsro/Hezro/Hezrai) is a minor orthographical difference in the Hebrew text, but it refers to the same individual. His designation as 'the Carmelite' indicates he was from the town of Carmel, a location in Judah, which distinguishes him from others with similar names.
Biblical Usage
This name is used exclusively in the context of military honor rolls within the historical books of Samuel and Chronicles. It appears only in the lists detailing David's elite warriors, known as 'the Thirty' (2 Samuel 23:35, 1 Chronicles 11:37). The usage pattern is purely identificatory, serving to record the name and origin (Carmel) of a loyal and valiant soldier in David's army, contributing to the historical preservation of the king's key supporters.
Etymology
The name Chetsro (חֶצְרוֹ) is considered an orthographical variation of the name Chetsron (חֶצְרוֹן, H2696), which means 'enclosure' or 'court.' It derives from the root חָצֵר (chatser, H2691), meaning 'settlement,' 'village,' or 'enclosed area.' This suggests a name connected to dwelling or community. The final vowel shift from '-on' to '-o' is a common feature in Hebrew name forms.
Semantic Range
While the name itself is not theologically loaded, its inclusion in the roster of David's mighty men contributes to the biblical theme of God working through faithful individuals. These lists (2 Samuel 23, 1 Chronicles 11) highlight God's provision of skilled and courageous warriors to establish and protect David's kingdom, which is central to the Davidic covenant narrative. Understanding that these were real, named individuals enriches the historical reliability and personal dimension of the biblical text. In ancient Israelite culture, being listed among the king's 'mighty men' was a high military honor, denoting exceptional bravery and loyalty. The designation 'the Carmelite' is a geographic identifier (from Carmel in Judah), which was a common way to distinguish individuals, emphasizing tribal and local identity within the national framework. Recording such names served to memorialize their service for future generations. Chetsron (Chetsron, H2696) — The fuller form of the same name, meaning 'enclosure.' It is used for a son of Reuben (Genesis 46:9) and an ancestor of David (Ruth 4:18).
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]