דָּלַק

דָּלַק

to flame (literally or figuratively)

Definition

The Hebrew verb דָּלַק (dâlaq) primarily means 'to burn, flame, or kindle,' describing both literal fire and metaphorical intensity. In its literal sense, it refers to the act of setting something ablaze, as in the burning of a pot (Ezekiel 24:10). Figuratively, it conveys the idea of hot pursuit or passionate, often hostile, chasing, such as the wicked 'hotly pursuing' the poor (Psalm 10:2) or Laban's accusation that Jacob had 'hotly pursued' him (Genesis 31:36). It can also describe the kindling of strong emotions or desires, like those inflamed by wine (Isaiah 5:11).

Biblical Usage

דָּלַק is used 9 times in the Old Testament, appearing in narrative, poetic, and prophetic books. Its usage splits between literal burning (1 Samuel 17:53; Lamentations 4:19; Ezekiel 24:10) and metaphorical pursuit or persecution (Genesis 31:36; Psalms 7:13, 10:2; Proverbs 26:23). In poetry (Psalms, Proverbs), it often depicts the relentless aggression of the wicked against the righteous or God's fiery judgment in response.

Etymology

As a primitive root, דָּלַק is the base for words related to burning and pursuit. It is cognate with other Semitic roots for 'burning' or 'flaming.' The core meaning involves rapid, intense motion or heat, which developed into the dual concepts of physical combustion and zealous, heated chasing.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it bridges divine judgment and human sin. It describes both God's fiery wrath being prepared (Psalm 7:13) and the inflamed, persecuting actions of the wicked. Understanding דָּלַק enriches reading by highlighting the intensity of both divine justice and human hostility, showing how human 'hot pursuit' of evil often provokes God's 'burning' response, a theme in the Psalms and prophets. In ancient Near Eastern culture, fire was a powerful symbol of purification, destruction, and divine presence. The metaphorical use of 'hot pursuit' reflects a society where chasing in conflict—whether in hunting, warfare, or legal dispute—was a common, vivid image for relentless pressure or aggression. בָּעַר (bāʿar, H1197) — focuses more on the state of burning or consuming. רָדַף (rādaph, H7291) — means to pursue or chase, but without the inherent connotation of heat or burning intensity.

Word Details