לָהֵן

לָהֵן

therefore; also except

Definition

The Aramaic word לָהֵן (lâhên) functions primarily as a conjunction meaning 'therefore' or 'but, except.' It introduces a logical conclusion or consequence based on a preceding statement, as seen in Daniel 2:30 where Daniel explains that the revelation was given 'not because any wisdom that I have... but in order that the interpretation might be made known.' In other contexts, it carries the exceptive sense of 'but, except, save,' setting a condition or limitation, such as in Daniel 2:11 where the Chaldeans state that no one can reveal the king's matter 'except the gods.'

Biblical Usage

This word occurs exclusively in the Aramaic portions of the Old Testament, specifically in the books of Ezra (Ezra 5:12), Job (Job 30:24 in Aramaic), and Daniel. In Daniel, it appears frequently in the dialogues between King Nebuchadnezzar and his wise men, and in narrative explanations. It is used to mark logical conclusions (Daniel 2:30, 3:28) and to introduce exceptions or conditions (Daniel 2:6, 2:9, 2:11). The usage in Ezra 5:12 also carries a consequential sense ('therefore').

Etymology

לָהֵן is an Aramaic word, corresponding to the Hebrew לָכֵן (lāḵēn, H3860), which also means 'therefore.' It derives from a common Semitic root conveying purpose or result. The Aramaic form reflects the linguistic context of the Jewish exile and interaction with imperial administration, where Aramaic was the lingua franca.

Semantic Range

This word is significant in contexts of divine revelation and human limitation. In Daniel, it underscores that true interpretation and salvation come from God alone, not human wisdom (Daniel 2:28-30, 3:28-29). It highlights themes of God's sovereignty in revealing mysteries and the conditional nature of human endeavors apart from divine intervention, enriching readings of God's control over history and knowledge. As an Aramaic term used during the Babylonian exile and Persian period, לָהֵן reflects the linguistic and cultural shift where Aramaic became the common language for diplomacy and daily life among displaced Jews. Its use in royal decrees and court dialogues (e.g., Daniel) shows its role in formal, legal, or wisdom contexts, differing from modern casual speech. לָכֵן (lāḵēn, H3860) — The Hebrew equivalent meaning 'therefore,' used in Hebrew portions of the OT. אֶלָּא (ʾellāʾ, H3863) — An Aramaic adversative/concessive particle often translated 'but, except, unless,' used in similar contexts (e.g., Daniel 2:10-11).

Word Details