לֹט

לֹט

a gum (from its sticky nature), probably ladanum

Definition

The Hebrew word לֹט (lôṭ) refers to a fragrant gum resin, likely ladanum, derived from the Cistus ladanifer shrub. In Genesis 37:25, it is listed among the trade goods carried by Ishmaelite merchants, indicating its value as a commodity. In Genesis 43:11, Jacob includes it as a choice gift to send to the Egyptian ruler, highlighting its worth and desirability. While the KJV translates it as 'myrrh,' modern scholars generally identify it as a distinct, sticky aromatic resin.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only twice in the Old Testament, both in Genesis. Its usage is consistently in the context of valuable trade goods and luxury gifts. In Genesis 37:25, it is part of a caravan's cargo traveling from Gilead to Egypt. In Genesis 43:11, it is selected as a high-quality present intended to appease a powerful foreign official, demonstrating its role in ancient economic and diplomatic exchanges.

Etymology

The noun לֹט (lôṭ) is likely derived from the root לוּט (lûṭ, H3874), meaning 'to wrap, cover, or veil.' This connection suggests the word's meaning developed from the resin's sticky, enveloping nature or perhaps from the method of its collection, which sometimes involved combing it from the fur of goats that had brushed against the shrubs.

Semantic Range

While not a central theological term, לֹט enriches the narrative of God's providence. In Genesis 37:25, its presence in the caravan underscores the means God used to bring Joseph to Egypt, setting the stage for Israel's preservation. In Genesis 43:11, it is part of the gifts that facilitate reconciliation between Joseph and his brothers, pointing to themes of restoration and God's unseen guidance through ordinary material goods. Ladanum was a prized aromatic resin in the ancient Near East, used in perfumes, incense, and medicine. Its inclusion in trade caravans and as a diplomatic gift reflects its significant economic value. Modern readers might simply see 'gum' or 'myrrh,' but to the original audience, it signaled luxury, long-distance trade, and careful, strategic gift-giving in important social interactions. מֹר (mōr, H4753) — A more common term for myrrh, a different aromatic resin often used in sacred anointing oil and embalming. לְבוֹנָה (lᵊḇônâ, H3828) — Frankincense, another valuable gum resin used primarily in incense. צֳרִי (ṣŏrî, H6875) — Balm, a medicinal resin or gum from Gilead, also a high-value trade item.

Word Details