מוֹרָה

מוֹרָה

a razor

Definition

The Hebrew noun מוֹרָה (môwrâh) refers specifically to a razor, a sharp implement used for shaving or cutting hair. In its three biblical occurrences, it consistently denotes a tool for complete hair removal, often in contexts of ritual or vow. In Judges 13:5 and 16:17, it is the instrument designated for the Nazirite's hair, which was never to be cut, making its use a profound violation of the sacred vow. In 1 Samuel 1:11, Hannah vows that if given a son, no razor (מוֹרָה) will come upon his head, dedicating him as a lifelong Nazirite to God.

Biblical Usage

The word is used exclusively in the context of the Nazirite vow, as described in Numbers 6. It appears in narratives about individuals dedicated under this vow: Samson (Judges 13:5, 16:17) and the promised son Samuel (1 Samuel 1:11). In each case, the razor represents the potential or actual breaking of the vow's central prohibition against cutting hair, which symbolized consecration to God. Its use marks a critical turning point in the story, especially for Samson, where it signifies the loss of his God-given strength.

Etymology

Derived from the root מוּר (mûr, H4171), which carries a sense of changing or altering. In this derived form, it specifically means 'a shaving instrument,' focusing on the act of shearing or removing hair. The semantic development moves from the general concept of change to the specific tool that effects a visible physical change.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it is intrinsically linked to the Nazirite vow, a special vow of separation and consecration to God (Numbers 6:1-21). The prohibition against the razor (מוֹרָה) touching the head was the outward, visible sign of this holy commitment. Understanding this term enriches reading by highlighting how Samson's haircut (Judges 16:17) was not merely a personal betrayal but a direct violation of a sacred covenant with God, leading to the withdrawal of divine empowerment. It underscores the biblical connection between physical symbols and spiritual realities. In ancient Israel, a razor was a metal blade used for shaving. For a Nazirite, uncut hair was not a matter of personal hygiene or style but a publicly recognized symbol of a sacred oath to God. The use of a מוֹרָה to cut it was therefore a culturally understood act of breaking that solemn vow, with serious religious and social consequences. This differs from a modern view of haircuts as primarily aesthetic or practical. תַּעַר (taʿar, H8593) — A more general term for a razor or knife, used in Levitical law for shaving (e.g., Leviticus 14:9). מוֹרָה is the specific term used in the Nazirite vow context.

Word Details