Bible Word Study
עוֹפַי
ʻÔwphay · Ephai, an Israelite
עוֹפַי
Ephai, an Israelite
Definition
עוֹפַי (ʻÔwphay) is a proper noun referring to an individual named Ephai, an Israelite mentioned only once in the Old Testament. The name itself is derived from the Hebrew root meaning 'bird,' suggesting a meaning like 'bird-like' or possibly 'my bird.' In the biblical narrative, Ephai is identified as the father of certain men from Netophah who survived the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem and were among the remnant that remained in Judah under Gedaliah's governorship (Jeremiah 40:8). As a proper name, it functions solely to identify this specific person and his lineage within this historical context.
Biblical Usage
This word is used exclusively in Jeremiah 40:8. The context is a list of military commanders and their men who came to Gedaliah at Mizpah after the fall of Jerusalem. The usage is purely identificatory, naming Ephai as the father of Johanan, Jonathan, Seraiah, and others from Netophah. There are no other occurrences or patterns of usage in the Hebrew Bible.
Etymology
The name עוֹפַי (ʻÔwphay) is a derivative of the common Hebrew noun עוֹף (ʻôwph, H5775), which means 'bird' or 'flying creature.' It is formed with the possessive first-person singular suffix '-ay' (י-), giving it a sense of 'my bird.' This follows a common Hebrew pattern for forming personal names from animal terms, often implying characteristics like swiftness, freedom, or being under divine care.
Semantic Range
In ancient Israelite culture, names were often meaningful and descriptive. A name derived from 'bird' could symbolize desirable traits such as swiftness, vigilance, or perhaps being under God's protective watch, as birds are often dependent on providence (e.g., Matthew 6:26). The mention of Ephai's sons being from Netophah (a town near Bethlehem) also places this family within a specific Judahite clan or geographic community, highlighting the social and tribal structures of the time. עוֹף (ʻôwph, H5775) — The common noun for 'bird' or 'flying creature,' which is the root of the proper name Ephai.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]